PSY 200- Purdue Exam 2

recall and judgement

two ways to test memory

free recall

recall the materials in any order

serial recall

recall the materials in order

cued recall

object that is to be recalled is displayed in addition to a cue or hint

recognition, frequency, recency

3 types of judgement test measures

forgetting curve

graph of the relationship between time and forgetting

prior, event, time, test

4 steps in testing memory

accuracy, latency, error probability

3 measures of memory testing

sensory memory

which type of memory has the briefest retention time?

iconic

visual sensory memories

echoic

auditory sensory memories

whole report

when you are asked to recall the entirety of the materials

partial report

when you are asked to recall only a portion of the materials

4.5 items

the given "size" of memory

filters what passes from sensory memory onto further processing

what role does attention play in sensory memory?

memory span

the number of items you can recall without error 50% of the time

in order

do memory span tasks require you to recall items in order or in any order?

given 3 letters, unrelated task, recall

3 steps in Brown-Peterson Task

decay, displacement

2 ways to forget in STM

decay

forgetting memories due to time alone

displacement

forgetting memories because you need room for new ones

STM

simple task tests what kind of memory?

WM

complex task tests what kind of memory?

central executive

part of the WM model that allows tasks and coordinates retrieval

phonological loop

part of WM model that deals with verbal and auditory inputs, and then codes them phonologically through subvocal rehearsal

episodic buffer

part of WM model that integrates the verbal and nonverbal inputs, and receives and sends info to LTM

visuospatial sketchpad

part of WM model that deals with nonverbal inputs because they cannot be phonologically coded, and integrates visual and spatial information

acoustic similarity, articulatory suppression, word length effect

3 sources of evidence for phonological loop

primacy

effect when items have been rehearsed in STM and have moved on to LTM

recency

effect when items are still in STM during recall so you are able to recall them

STM, recency

what memory and effect are affected by adding a filled delay of an unrelated task?

LTM, primacy

what memory and effect are affected by increasing the list of items?

LTM, primacy

what memory and effect are affected by having a faster presentation of items?

serial position, probability correct

what are the axes of the Serial Position Curve?

phonological code

what type of code is STM?

semantic code

what type of code is LTM?

retroactive interference

type of forgetting in LTM when you can't recall old info because of new info

proactive interference

type of forgetting in LTM when you can't learn new info because of old info

verbal fluency task

task when you are given a category and 30 seconds to write down as many related words as possible

implicit

tests that indirectly measure retention

explicit

tests that directly ask you to recall a memory from the past

priming

the difference between the control and experimental groups

priming unchanged, recognition decreased

In the priming testing to examine explicit and implicit, what were the results?

shallow

level of processing that looks at the structure of items

intermediate

level of processing that looks at the phonemic representation of items

deep

level of processing that looks at the semantic representation of items

isolation effect

making one item distinct from the others

testing effect

testing materials

spacing effect

spacing out studying or encoding, either distributed or massed

retrieval cues

stimulus that activates info in memory

encoding specificity

idea that your encoding and retrieval conditions should be the same for better memory

flashbulb memory

memory associated with an unexpected emotional event, where you remember details with clarity

amygdala and hippocampus

two parts of the brain involved in emotional memories

false memory

when we have memories of things that didn't actually happen

eyewitness memory

when a police line up composition affects the likelihood of picking the correct perp

false fame effect

idea that the source of the information given to you can be more important than the actual information given to you

retrograde amnesia

amnesia where you forget memories before the trauma

anterograde amnesia

amnesia where you aren't able to form new memories after a trauma

anterograde

what type of amnesia did HM and EP have?

STM and implicit

what 2 types of memory were intact for HM?

alzheimers disease

progressive brain disorder that impairs memory

plaques and tangles

buildup of what causes alzheimers?

episodic, semantic, autobiographical

what 3 types of memories are lost with Alz patients?

verbal fluency

what types of tasks are hard for Alz patients, but not for amnesics?

STM, WM, episodic

what 3 types of memory often decline in late adulthood?

prospective

what type of memory is worse in older adults?