Principles of CLS EXAM 1

Which certifying agency or agencies have been granted deemed status to act on behalf of the federal government in matters of laboratory accreditation?

Both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) & the Joint Commission (TJC)

What is the best description of the purpose of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) pertaining to the clinical laboratory?

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) has given CAP deemed status to act on the government's behalf to certify clinical laboratory

What is the role of the chief executive officer (CEO) of a health care organization

To set policy & guide the organization

The ASCLS professional Code of Ethics states that all laboratory professionals have a responsibility for proper conduct towards which group?

The patient, colleagues & the profession, society

All of the following characteristics are accurate for the influence of Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA) except:

Replaces federal, state, or other laws that grant individuals even greater privacy protection than HIPAA

Medical ethics

Applies to laboratory profession & includes situational ethics

The newest direct for laboratory testing procedures is:

molecular diagnostic techniques in various laboratory departments

What is the best description of the purpose of the Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA) pertaining to the clinical laboratory?

sets accreditation requirements for physician office laboratories (POLs)

In which of the following laboratory situations is a verbal report permissible?

none of the above

Sally is seeing her new PCP for the first time. When she signs in, she is asked to sign papers for the release of medical records, including her laboratory results. According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), she must authorize the release of records before ____ would be granted permitted to recieve and review her records.

any of these options

What is the best description of the purpose of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) pertaining to the clinical laboratory?

Administers both CLIA ‘88 and Medicare programs

Which statement best describes ethics?

Ethics are a set of moral principles

The role of the provider-performed microscopy (PPM) is the:

specific microscopic tests (wet mounts) performed by a physician for his or her own patients

What is the role of the chief executive officer (CEO) of a health care organization?

to set policy and guide the organization

The correct designation for a generalist laboratory professional with a bachelor’s degree certified by the American Society for Clinical Pathology is:

medical technologist?

What is the definition of chain of custody?

the process of documenting each step of specimen analysis and reporting of the specimen results

Chain-of-custody procedures must be followed for:

blood specimens for alchol level determination

Which of the following acts, agencies, or organizations was created to make certain the quality of work done in the laboratory is reliable?

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA ‘88)

CLIA personnel requirements specify which factor?

all of these (experience, education, & training)

Laboratories performing which of the following types of tests need to be enrolled in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments - approved proficiency testing program?

both moderately and highly complex

Which factor does informed consent upon the patient’s hospital admission include?

all of these (an agreement to what will be done with laboratory test results, consent to many routine procedures that may be performed, & an agreement to the nature of the testing to be done)

The newest direct for laboratory testing procedures is:

molecular diagnostic techniques in various laboratory departments

which is the fastest growing segment of laboratory testing?

molecular diagnostics

A hospital chief operating officer is responsible for:

implementing policies & oversight of daily activities

To perform a venipuncture on a newly admitted hospital patient, a phlebotomist needs to:

realize that an admitted hospital patient has given implied consent to routine procedures such as phlebotomy

Which rights do the revised CLIA ‘88 & HIPAA regulations ensure?

Both the patient’s right to access their own laboratory reports and the patient’s right to give a personal representative the patient’s completed test reports

What is the definition of a waived laboratory test?

one that is cleared by the FDA for home use

The role of the laboratory supervisor or manager is to:

supervise technical aspects of testing

Which describes situational ethics?

a system where acts are judged within a context

Which is the definition of a tort?

a tort is a wrongdoing that causes injury

Which federal legislation requires strict confidentiality of a patient results?

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)

A wet floor is which type of safety hazard?

physical

Infectious agents such as bacteria & viruses represent which type of safety hazard?

biological

Which government agency is responsible for laboratory workplace safety?

OSHA

Which of the following is primarily responsible for safeguards & regulation to ensure a safe & healthful workplace?

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Safety in the clinical laboratory includes:

All options are correct (providing disposable gloves, educating & training all health workers in Standard Precautions, monitoring compliance with protective biosafety policies)

The simplest, most important step in proper handling of any hazardous substance is:

properly labeling containers

Which document provides information related to hazards associated with chemicals in the workplace?

safety data sheets (SDSs)

Preemplyment health profiles of students & laboratory staff should require immune status evaluation for the following illnesses except?

Hepatitis A

The CDC Bloodborne Pathogen Standard & the OSHA Occupational Exposure Standard mandate:

education & training of all health care workers in standard precautions

When reviewing the goals of national patient safety goals, the laboratory application of related goals is to:

improve accuracy of patient identification

Which of the following acronyms/mnemonics refers to barriers used to protect skin, mucous membranes, & clothing from infectious agents?

PPE

Lipstick or makeup should not be applied in clinical work area.

true

What is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection?

hand washing

Terminal waste of infectious material can be processed by autoclaving or by:

incineration

Microorganisms included in the top 10 laboratory-acquired infections are:

hepatitis B virus & hepatitis C virus

The term Standard precautions refers to:

treating all specimens as if they are infectious & assuming that every direct contact with a body fluid is infectious

Which is the proper treatment for alkali or acid burns of the skin?

rinse thoroughly with large amounts of running tap water

Which is an important change in the newly revised OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?

a single set of harmonized criteria for classifying chemicals is used

To comply with various federal safety regulations, each laboratory must have which of the following?

all options are correct (biohazard labels in place, a safety manual, & a chemical hygiene plan)

Needles & lancets are which type of safety hazard?

sharps

According to safety protocols, which of the following actions may be performed while working in the laboratory?

wearing a watch

In the workplace, The Right to Know Law refers to?

chemical exposure

Decontaminate hands after:

all options are correct (contact with blood or body fluids, removing gloves, & contact with patients skin)

Gloves for the use in the clinical laboratory are:

nitrile or latex

Each laboratory should have a manual containing approved mandatory & voluntary regulations or standards from:

OSHA

Where appropriate, the OSHA standards provide:

all options are correct (provisions for warning labels, implementation of training & educations programs, & exposure control procedures)

The most common source of human immunodeficiency virus in the occupational setting is:

blood

Which legislative document ensures that workers ahve safe & healthful working conditions?

both the Occupational Safety & Health Act & the Hazard Communication Standard

A safety audit should consist of all the following considerations except?

incubators

A triangle with an outline of a person inside the triangle in the hazards identification system indicated which type of hazard?

health hazard

Clinical laboratory personnel need to have demonstrable immunity to:

rubella

Rubber-stoppered test tubes should be opened slowly with a cause square over the stopper.

true

Infectious sharps waste must be discarded into containers with all the following features except:

made of sturdy cardboard for landfill disposal

Which factor is included in the newest Patient Safety Goals as they pertain to the laboratory?

correctly identify a patient

Which is the definition of a biohazard?

potentially infectious materials or agents

Containers for shipping blood specimens must meet ____ requirements

OSHA

Which phrase most accurately describes Standard Precautions?

all of these

All work surfaces should be sanitized at the end of the shift with a solution of?

5% bleach

Which is a class A fire?

ordinary combustibles

Which factor is included in promoting safety in the clinical laboratory?

all of these

The origin of a class A fire is?

paper

According to the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard rules, which specimens are considered to be potentially infectious?

all blood & body fluid specimens

Written information about a chemical, its hazards, & procedures for clean up & first aid are available in which of the following documents?

safety data sheet (SDS)

Which of the following is the first action you should take if you splash a chemical in your eye?

flush the eyes for 15 minutes

The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, the “right-to-know” rule, is designed for what purpose?

to protect laboratory staff

CDC is an abbreviation for the?

centers for disease control & prevention

Contact lenses can be manipulated with gloved hands.

false

What is the term for infection control measures that use barrier protection & work practice controls to prevent contact with infectious body fluids from all patients?

standard precautions

A medical euphemism is associated with which of the following?

a desire to avoid painful, complex quality improvement issues and to avoid extra paperwork that improvement strategies create

The term biohazard denotes:

A diluted solution of which of the following can be used as a disinfectant against bloodborne pathogens on countertops & work spaces

bleach

What is a carcinogen?

it is any substance that can cause the development of cancerous growth in living tissue

Which content does not have to appear on a chemical label according to OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)?

safe hazard classes & categories

In developing a plan to manage information technology (IT) downtime, the initial planning step is to:

have a clear activation & communications plan

Another name for a WBC is

leukocyte

Specific immunity involves molecular recognition of

antigens

The medical term for a reduced blood supply to heart tissue, thereby causing damage to the heart muscle:

Ischemia

Sounds that are normally heard when listening to the heart though a stethoscope:

closing of the heart valves

Where does blood go immediately after it leaves the left atrium?

left ventricle

Veins and arteries are composed of how many layers?

3

The pulmonary circulation carries blook between which two organs?

heart & lungs

What is the medical term for “heart attack”?

myocardial infarction

Which leukocyte is known as a phagocyte?

neutrophil

Platelets remain in the circulation for

9-12 days

Lymph nodes, fluids, & vessels, along with associated organs, are all part of what system?

lymphatic

The formed elements constitute what portion of the blood volume?

45%

A blood specimen collected in a gold top tube will produce which of the following after centrifuging?

serum

Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood in a healthy person?

55%

Which muscle contracts to push blood through the circulatory system?

myocardium