Reading

purpose of writing?

straightforward delivery of facts and data to educate readers on a specific topic

informative

purpose of writing?

in depth explanation or analyzation on a specific topic

• how something works ( process )

• why something happens + matters ( concept )

expository

purpose of writing?

tries to convince or change the reader’s mind on an issue

persuasive

purpose of writing?

tells a sequence of events ( plot ) about a character ( can be real or fake )

narrative

purpose of writing?

provides precise information using specific + complex, field based vocabulary

( common in Medicine and STEM )

technical

purpose of writing?

to entertain ( amuse, delight, engage )

entertaining

purpose of writing?

creates vivid imagery in readers mind

• appeals to senses

descriptive

purpose of writing?

provides a thesis ( claim ) and solution on a debatable issue with supporting textual evidence

argumentative

original information created

• at the time of the event

  or

• directly by the author / researcher

primary or secondary source?

primary source

interprets, analyzes, summarizes primary sources

→ written AFTER the event by someone who was NOT directly involved

primary or secondary source?

secondary source

• diaries

• government documents

• original research studies / data

• autobiography

primary or secondary source?

primary source

• textbooks

• review articles

• encyclopedias

• commentaries

primary or secondary source?

secondary source

location: beginning of a book

• lists chapters / subjects and their page numbers

used to: find location of general topic quickly and easily

Table of Contents

location: end of a book

• alphabetical list of specific topics with page number

used to: find specific topics quickly

Index

location: end of a book

• alphabetical list of key terms + definition

is like a mini dictionary for the book!

Glossary

Author explains why they wrote the book and what to expect

Preface / Introduction

location: bottom of a document’s page

• lists where facts and figures within the page were obtained

footnote

"Your foot is at the bottom of your body, just like a footnote is at the bottom of the page."

location: end of a document’s paragraph or chapter

• lists where facts and figures within the paragraph or chapter were obtained

endnote

"ENDnote = END of the text."

( like the credits scene of a movie. Useful, but you’ve got to wait till the end )

used to measure data changes over time / trends

line graph

used to compare different group sizes

( numerical data across categories )

_{ex. comparing height of different trees , numbers of patients per hallway}

Bar Graph

uses images / symbols to represent numerically simple data

Pictograph

shows how one whole is divided

_{( percentages of a whole )}

Pie Chart

to seek

Definitions , Spelling , Punctuation

Dictionary

to seek

2 words ( first and last ) at top of dictionary to help you locate words faster

Guide Words

to seek

General information on a wide range of topics

_{( basically an older wikipedia )}

Encyclopedia

to seek

Yearly publication with weather, statistics, moon phases, etc.

Almanac

to seek

How to properly cite sources ( APA, MLA, etc. )

Style Guide

Gives credit to referenced work from other authors

Citations

Short Summary of

• scholarly article

• paper

after table of contents

before text begins

Abstract

_{( Gives you the gist before you commit to reading the whole thing )}

_{may include cited information!}

Instructions for using a product or device

User Manual

text stucture

presenting an issue and how to solve it

problem and solution

text stucture

describing how two things are alike and different

• both , same, like , too, as well

• but, however, on the other hand, instead, yet

compare and contrast

text stucture

describes an event that makes something happen and the results of it

• because, since, due to, consequently, therefore, this leads to

cause and effect

statement that can be proved or disproved

fact? opinion?

fact

statement based on personal thoughts or feelings

fact? opinion?

opinion

collection of work ( ex. poems ) by different authors published together

anthology

helps you find synonyms and antonyms

thesaurus

list of resources ( + citations ) at the end of your paper

bibliography = EVERYTHING you looked at during research

words cited = what you actually mentioned

“Thanks to my friend Jenny, my dog, my teachers…”

at the beginning of a book

Acknowledgements