Irregular Verbs (Grades 10 to 12)

A complete study list of irregular English verbs for students in grades 10 to 12, featuring infinitive, simple past, and past participle forms along with German definitions.

be

Simple Past: was/were; Past Participle: been - German: sein

bear

Simple Past: bore; Past Participle: borne/born (AE) - German: etwas tragen (literarisch)

beat

Simple Past: beat; Past Participle: beaten/beat (AE) - German: schlagen

become

Simple Past: became; Past Participle: become - German: werden (FALSE FRIEND!)

begin

Simple Past: began; Past Participle: begun - German: beginnen, anfangen

bend

Simple Past: bent; Past Participle: bent - German: biegen

bet

Simple Past: bet; Past Participle: bet - German: wetten (also has a regular form)

bid

Simple Past: bid, bade; Past Participle: bid, bidden - German: bieten

bind

Simple Past: bound; Past Participle: bound - German: binden

bite

Simple Past: bit; Past Participle: bitten - German: beißen, stechen

bleed

Simple Past: bled; Past Participle: bled - German: bluten

blow

Simple Past: blew; Past Participle: blown - German: blasen

break

Simple Past: broke; Past Participle: broken - German: (zer)brechen; kaputtgehen

breed

Simple Past: bred; Past Participle: bred - German: züchten

bring

Simple Past: brought; Past Participle: brought - German: (mit-, her-)bringen

broadcast

Simple Past: broadcast; Past Participle: broadcast - German: senden, übertragen, ausstrahlen

build

Simple Past: built; Past Participle: built - German: bauen

burn

Simple Past: burnt; Past Participle: burnt - German: brennen, verbrennen (Notes: Regular in AE)

burst

Simple Past: burst; Past Participle: burst - German: (zer)platzen

bust

Simple Past: bust; Past Participle: bust - German: kaputtgehen (also has a regular form)

buy

Simple Past: bought; Past Participle: bought - German: kaufen

cast

Simple Past: cast; Past Participle: cast - German: werfen

catch

Simple Past: caught; Past Participle: caught - German: fangen

choose

Simple Past: chose; Past Participle: chosen - German: (aus)wählen; aussuchen

cling

Simple Past: clung; Past Participle: clung - German: (sich) klammern, festhalten

come

Simple Past: came; Past Participle: come - German: kommen

cost

Simple Past: cost; Past Participle: cost - German: kosten

creep

Simple Past: crept; Past Participle: crept - German: kriechen, schleichen

cut

Simple Past: cut; Past Participle: cut - German: (aus)schneiden

deal

Simple Past: dealt; Past Participle: dealt - German: verhandeln, verteilen

dig

Simple Past: dug; Past Participle: dug - German: graben

dive

Simple Past: dived/dove (AE); Past Participle: dived - German: tauchen

do

Simple Past: did; Past Participle: done - German: tun, machen

draw

Simple Past: drew; Past Participle: drawn - German: zeichnen

dream

Simple Past: dreamt; Past Participle: dreamt - German: träumen (Notes: Regular in AE)

drink

Simple Past: drank; Past Participle: drunk - German: trinken

drive

Simple Past: drove; Past Participle: driven - German: ein Fahrzeug führen (z.B. Auto/Bus)

eat

Simple Past: ate; Past Participle: eaten - German: essen

fall

Simple Past: fell; Past Participle: fallen - German: (hin)fallen

feed

Simple Past: fed; Past Participle: fed - German: fütttern

feel

Simple Past: felt; Past Participle: felt - German: fühlen, sich fühlen

fight

Simple Past: fought; Past Participle: fought - German: kämpfen

find

Simple Past: found; Past Participle: found - German: finden

flee

Simple Past: fled; Past Participle: fled - German: fliehen, flüchten

fling

Simple Past: flung; Past Participle: flung - German: schleudern

fly

Simple Past: flew; Past Participle: flown - German: fliegen

forbid

Simple Past: forbade, forbad; Past Participle: forbidden - German: verbieten

forecast

Simple Past: forecast; Past Participle: forecast - German: vorhersagen, prognostizieren (also has a regular form)

forget

Simple Past: forgot; Past Participle: forgotten - German: vergessen

forsake

Simple Past: forsook; Past Participle: forsaken - German: (jmd.) verlassen, (etw.) aufgeben

freeze

Simple Past: froze; Past Participle: frozen - German: frieren

get

Simple Past: got; Past Participle: got, gotten (AE) - German: bekommen, kriegen, holen, besorgen

give

Simple Past: gave; Past Participle: given - German: geben

grind

Simple Past: ground; Past Participle: ground - German: zerkleinern, mahlen

go

Simple Past: went; Past Participle: gone - German: gehen

grow

Simple Past: grew; Past Participle: grown - German: wachsen

hang

Simple Past: hung; Past Participle: hung - German: hängen, aufhängen

have

Simple Past: had; Past Participle: had - German: haben

hear

Simple Past: heard; Past Participle: heard - German: hören

hide

Simple Past: hid; Past Participle: hidden - German: verstecken

hit

Simple Past: hit; Past Participle: hit - German: jemanden/etwas schlagen, treffen

hold

Simple Past: held; Past Participle: held - German: halten

hurt

Simple Past: hurt; Past Participle: hurt - German: verletzen

keep

Simple Past: kept; Past Participle: kept - German: (be)halten

know

Simple Past: knew; Past Participle: known - German: wissen, kennen

lay

Simple Past: laid; Past Participle: laid - German: legen

lead

Simple Past: led; Past Participle: led - German: führen, leiten

learn

Simple Past: learnt; Past Participle: learnt - German: lernen (Notes: Regular in AE)

leave

Simple Past: left; Past Participle: left - German: verlassen, weggehen, abfahren

lend

Simple Past: lent; Past Participle: lent - German: verleihen

let

Simple Past: let; Past Participle: let - German: lassen

lie

Simple Past: lay; Past Participle: lain - German: liegen

light

Simple Past: lit; Past Participle: lit - German: anzünden (also has a regular form)

lose

Simple Past: lost; Past Participle: lost - German: verlieren

make

Simple Past: made; Past Participle: made - German: machen (herstellen)

mean

Simple Past: meant; Past Participle: meant - German: bedeuten

meet

Simple Past: met; Past Participle: met - German: (sich) treffen

overtake

Simple Past: overtook; Past Participle: overtaken - German: überholen

pay

Simple Past: paid; Past Participle: paid - German: bezahlen

prove

Simple Past: proved; Past Participle: proven - German: beweisen (also has a regular form)

put

Simple Past: put; Past Participle: put - German: legen, stellen, (wohin) tun

quit

Simple Past: quit; Past Participle: quit - German: verlassen, aufhören (also has a regular form)

read

Simple Past: read; Past Participle: read - German: lesen (Aussprache beachten!)

rid

Simple Past: rid; Past Participle: rid - German: (jmd. von etwas) befreien

ride

Simple Past: rode; Past Participle: ridden - German: reiten, (Rad) fahren

ring

Simple Past: rang; Past Participle: rung - German: klingeln, läuten

rise

Simple Past: rose; Past Participle: risen - German: aufgehen, ansteigen

run

Simple Past: ran; Past Participle: run - German: rennen, laufen

say

Simple Past: said; Past Participle: said - German: sagen

see

Simple Past: saw; Past Participle: seen - German: sehen, besuchen

seek

Simple Past: sought; Past Participle: sought - German: suchen

sell

Simple Past: sold; Past Participle: sold - German: verkaufen

send

Simple Past: sent; Past Participle: sent - German: schicken, senden an

set

Simple Past: set; Past Participle: set - German: setzen, stellen, legen

sew

Simple Past: sewed; Past Participle: sewn - German: nähen (also has a regular form)

shake

Simple Past: shook; Past Participle: shaken - German: schütteln, zittern

shear

Simple Past: sheared; Past Participle: shorn - German: scheren (Schafe), abbrechen (also has a regular form)

shed

Simple Past: shed; Past Participle: shed - German: abstoßen, ablegen

shine

Simple Past: shone; Past Participle: shone - German: scheinen

shoot

Simple Past: shot; Past Participle: shot - German: schießen