AP Chemistry Stuff to Memorize

Vocabulary flashcards covering AP Chemistry memorization concepts including polyatomic ions, monatomic ion charges, strong/weak acids and bases, and diatomic elements.

Acetate

Polyatomic ion with formula $C_2H_3O_2^-$

Ammonium

Polyatomic ion with formula $NH_4^+$

Bicarbonate

Polyatomic ion with formula $HCO_3^-$

Carbonate

Polyatomic ion with formula $CO_3^{2-}$

Chlorate

Polyatomic ion with formula $ClO_3^-$

Chromate

Polyatomic ion with formula $CrO_4^{2-}$

Cyanide

Polyatomic ion with formula $CN^-$

Dichromate

Polyatomic ion with formula $Cr_2O_7^{2-}$

Hydroxide

Polyatomic ion with formula $OH^-$

Hypochlorite

Polyatomic ion with formula $OCl^-$

Nitrate

Polyatomic ion with formula $NO_3^-$

Nitrite

Polyatomic ion with formula $NO_2^-$

Oxalate

Polyatomic ion with formula $C_2O_4^{2-}$

Perchlorate

Polyatomic ion with formula $ClO_4^-$

Permanganate

Polyatomic ion with formula $MnO_4^-$

Peroxide

Polyatomic ion with formula $O_2^{2-}$

Phosphate

Polyatomic ion with formula $PO_4^{3-}$

Sulfate

Polyatomic ion with formula $SO_4^{2-}$

Sulfite

Polyatomic ion with formula $SO_3^{2-}$

Thiocyanate

Polyatomic ion with formula $SCN^-$

Common Monatomic Metal Ion Charge Rule

Metals ALWAYS have a positive charge ($+$)

Common Monatomic Non-Metal Ion Charge Rule

Non-metals ALWAYS have a negative charge ($-$)

Alkali Metals Charge

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) ALWAYS have a charge of $1+$

Alkaline Earth Metals Charge

ALWAYS have a charge of $2+$

Halides Charge

Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I) ALWAYS have a charge of $1-$

Oxide / Sulfide / Selenide Charge

ALWAYS have a charge of $2-$

Nitride / Phosphide Charge

ALWAYS have a charge of $3-$

Silver Ion Charge

ALWAYS $1+$

Zinc Ion Charge

ALWAYS $2+$

Aluminum Ion Charge

ALWAYS $3+$

Bismuth Ion Charges

Common charges of $3+/5+$

Copper Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/1+$

Iron Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/3+$

Chromium Ion Charges

Common charges of $3+/6+/2+$

Manganese Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/7+/4+$

Nickel Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/3+$

Cobalt Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/3+$

Tin Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/4+$

Lead Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/4+$

Mercury Ion Charges

Common charges of $2+/1+$ ($Hg^{2+}$, $Hg_2^{2+}$)

Sulfuric Acid

Strong acid with formula $H_2SO_4$

Nitric Acid

Strong acid with formula $HNO_3$

Hydrochloric Acid

Strong acid with formula $HCl$

Chloric Acid

Strong acid with formula $HClO_3$

Perchloric Acid

Strong acid with formula $HClO_4$

Hydroiodic Acid

Strong acid with formula $HI$

Hydrobromic Acid

Strong acid with formula $HBr$

Strong Bases

Alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides

Ammonia

Common weak base with formula $NH_3$

Acetic Acid

Common weak acid with formula $CH_3COOH$ ($HC_2H_3O_2$)

Diatomic Elements

Seven naturally occurring diatomic elements: $H_2$, $N_2$, $O_2$, $F_2$, $Cl_2$, $Br_2$, $I_2$