Non-Specific Host Defenses Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering non-specific host defenses, lines of defense, blood components, phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, and the complement system.

The first line of defense is an innate, non-specific surface protection composed of anatomical and __________ barriers.

physiological

Reflexes acting as mechanical barriers in the first line of defense include vomiting, diarrhea, tearing of the eyes, coughing, sneezing, and __________.

urination

The second line of defense includes internal protective cells and fluids that drive processes such as phagocytosis, fever, antimicrobial proteins, and __________.

inflammation

The third line of defense provides long-term, acquired immunity driven by specialized white blood cells known as B cells and __________.

T cells

Signal molecules on microbial surfaces that are recognized by cells of innate immunity are known as __________.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Receptors located on host immune cells that bind to microbial PAMPs are called __________.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Immature T cells develop specificity in the __________ before being released into circulation as mature T cells.

Thymus

Clusters of lymph nodes are stationed in three main regions: the armpit (axillary), the groin (inguinal), and the neck (__________).

cervical

The lymphoid organ responsible for surveying blood, recycling red blood cells, housing lymphocytes, and acting as a monocyte reservoir is the __________.

spleen

According to the provided blood composition diagram, the thin layer between plasma and erythrocytes containing leukocytes and platelets is called the __________.

Buffy Coat

Body temperature is regulated by the region of the brain known as the __________.

hypothalamus

Substances that cause fever by resetting the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher setting are called __________.

pyrogens

A body temperature higher than 37.6°C or __________°F is considered a fever.

100.5

__________ are general-purpose phagocytes with a 3-day lifespan that react early in inflammation and form the primary component of pus.

Neutrophils

When monocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tissue spaces, they differentiate into __________.

macrophages

The five steps of phagocytosis in sequential order are chemotaxis, ingestion, phagolysosome formation, destruction, and __________.

excretion

In classic terminology for the signs of inflammation, redness caused by increased circulation is termed rubor, warmth is calor, swelling is tumor, and pain is __________.

dolor

The migration of white blood cells out of blood vessels into tissue spaces by squeezing between endothelial cells is called __________.

diapedesis

Pus-forming bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci, gonococci, and meningococci are described as __________.

pyogenic

Septic shock is a severe stage of sepsis characterized by multiple organ failure and a dramatic drop in blood pressure with a fatality rate of __________.

50%-75%

The complement system consists of __________ blood proteins that act in a cascade response to destroy bacteria and certain viruses.

26

As shown in the molecular structure diagram, C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple copies of C9 assemble on target membranes to form the __________.

membrane attack complex