APHuG unit 2

scale of analysis

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface

regional scales

the level of analysis that focuses on specific areas or regions within a broader context

global scales

national scales

population density

population distribution

malthusian theory

Resources rise linearly, Populations rise exponentially.

arithmetic

people / area

physiological

people / arable land

agricultural

farmers / arable land

neo-malthusian theory

use of technology can increase food production. / contraception can control population.

contraception

what is done to preventing pregnancy

demographic transition

the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates, as societies attain more technology, education and economic development.

epidemiological transition

changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death.

dowry

bride’s family pays groom and/or his family

Bride price

money/property given by groom to bride and/or her family

maternal mortality

death by pregancy

Ravenstein’s law of Migration

most migrants move a short distance

when moving a long distance, migrants usually travel to a major center of buying/selling

females are more migratory than males

push factor

bad things

pull factor

good things

migration

permanent/temporary movement between humans

gravity model

when population in a city increases, migration to the city increases

as the distance to a city grows, migration to the decreases

forced migration

migration against one’s will/beliefs

voluntary migration

migration by one’s choice/beliefs

internally displaced persons

people who flee homes but remain in the country

asylum

protection

distance decay

how distance affects interactions between two locations

the greater the distance, the fewer interactions they have

refugees

people who are forced to leave their country from fear of harm and/or death

transhumance

seasonal migrations due to moving herds around to feed

step migration

some migrants move to intervening locations before their final destination

chain migration

people join family members who emigrated

guest worker

temporary laborers in another country

circular migration

repeatedly leaving one’s home country and coming back because of work

rural-to-urban migration

people go from rural places to urban places

intervening opportunities

what stops a migrant by choice

intervening obstacles

what holds a migrant back

remittances

way a guest worker sent money to their family from afar (another country)

mobility

movement from one place to another

circulation

movement on a regular basis

ex) going to school

emigration

movement away from a location

immigration

movement to a location

net migration

difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location

international migration

permanent move from one country to another

internal migration

permanent move within a single country

interregional

permanent move from one region to another

intraregional

move within a region