AP Gov - Unit 3; Political Participation and Culture

What is the status of Civil Society in the United Kingdom?

OPEN

there are diverse viewpoints and freedom of press and speech is well protected

What is the status of Civil Society in Mexico?

WEAK BUT GETTING BETTER

media is government controlled but they have freedom of press.

What is the status of Civil Society in Nigeria?

IT’S THERE (but iffy)

RAPP freedoms exist, and non political organizations can influence the government.

What is the status of Civil Society in Russia?

WEAK

citizen groups are controlled, and the communist party has total control.

What is the status of Civil Society in Iran?

WEAK WEAK WEAK

the media is controlled by the government, and anything the remotely opposes the government is shut down.

What is the status of Civil Society in China?

MOSTLY NON EXISTENT

There aren’t any non-government institutions. period. Government Operated Non Government Organizations (GONGOS).

What is Political Culture/Socialization and how is it created?

A shared set of values the populations has with it’s political system based on government actions

What are factors that influence political culture?

* geography
* religious traditions
* history

What is Political Socialization?

the learning process by which people develop into their political culture/

How is political culture transmitted?

“political socialization agents”

schools, families, media, peers, religious institutions, social/civic organizations.

What is political ideology?\`\`

a set of ethical ideals or principles of a large group of citizens.

Define individualism:

the idea that people should be independent and self sufficient. “every man for themself”

Define neoliberalism:

a political approach that favors capitalism (free market) and deregulation.

Define communism:

A system where all members of any class are treated “equitably.”

Define socialism:

A society where the largest companies and organizations are operated by the community.

Define facism:

They have a very strict government, and it’s very nationalism focused.

Define populism:

a political way of supporting the rights of “normal” (not the elite class) people

What is the difference between rule OF law and rule BY law?

rule OF law is putting the power of law above politics, rule BY law is using law to further political power.

What are post material values?

the need for political freedom.

What is political participation?

citizen influence/involvement in political process.

What types of regimes have political participation?

all of them

What is political participation like in Democratic regimes?

It is more supportive and less oppositional to the government.

What is political participation like in Authoritarian regimes?

it is more restricted and controlled, not really good participation

Why do Authoritarian regimes allow political participation?

It improves their legitimacy, and it is good at a safety fallback. It makes them look better to other countries.

What are civil rights?

things that promote equality in countries and are granted by the government.

What are civil liberties?

They’re basic freedoms that citizens have that the government can’t interfere with.

What is the difference between the way the two main regimes restrict the media?

They both restrict the media, but democracies are more free, because the media is there to keep the government in check.

In Authoritarian regimes the media is extremely controlled, and it keeps the citizens in check.

What are political and social cleavages?

Internal divisions that impact the political system. They’re based on values, and ideals, and they exist everywhere. They’re not inherently bad.

What are the four categories of religious and social cleavages?

* ETHNICITY
* RELIGION
* REGION-BASED
* CLASS

What are the main impacts of political and social cleavages?

* they influence political preference


* they can impact sovereignty, legitimacy, and stability
* they’re addressed and used in many different ways.

How do democratic regimes address their cleavages?

They care about how the cleavages affect their legitimacy, so they devolve power and allow more autonomy.

How do authoritarian regimes address their cleavages?

They care about maintaining power despite their cleavages. They’re often repressive and coersive while faking inclusivity.

How do we compare political and social cleavages?

How different/similar are the countries? How do they each respond? What are some of their political consequences?

What are the challenges caused by political and social cleavages?

* they threaten stability, legitimacy, & sovereignty.
* expose vulnerability.
* create potential for violence and increase internal conflict.
* strain the government to citizen relationship.

What are strategies used by the U.K.’s government to address cleavages?

devolution and referendum.