Richard Long, A Line Made by Walking, 1967

A line Made by Walking raised questions about what?

Human relationships with nature, expressed through the way we walk the land

How long is the line in A line Made by Walking?

30 feet long

Describe the line in A line Made by Walking?

Short, whitish (white-ish), and 30 feet long

How was A line Made by Walking made?

By walking back and forth until the grass was flattened, changing how it reflects light

Why does the line in A line Made by Walking wobble and waver?

Parts of the compressed grass start to spring back up

Who created Spiral Jetty?

Robert Smithson

Where is Spiral Jetty located?

Rozel Point, Great Salt Lake, Utah

How long did Richard walk back and forth in the field? A line Made by Walking

20 minutes

Where was the field in A line Made by Walking?

In a London suburb

Where did critic Caroline Tisdall see an exhibition of Richard Long’s works?

At the Whitechapel Gallery in London

Who wrote that "traces in the grass represent how much Long had had passed over the same spot…Once the grass straightens, the only trace left will be a photographic record”? (slightly paraphrased)

Caroline Tisdall in 1971

A line Made by Walking is an early example of which types of art?

Land art and Conceptual art

When was the Land Art movement popular?

Late 1960s and 1970s

During the land art movement, artists made changes to the natural environment to change what?

the way a visitor sees, thinks, and experiences that space

Land art, often by necessity, dealt with the experience of what?

Walking

Who created Las Vegas Piece(1969)?

Walter De Maria

Where was Las Vegas Piece(1969) located?

Tule Desert in Nevada

What is the Las Vegas Piece(1969)?

A sunken path, carved into the Tule Desert

Which artist forbade his work to be photographed from the air, requiring viewers to experience it on foot?

Walter De Maria

What is the driving idea behind conceptual art ?

The finished product is less important than the idea of concept

Conceptual art was interested in exploring what?

Repetitive forms, pre-determined processes, or “scripts”

Who describes conceptual art by saying “the planning, decisions and execution is perfunctory. The idea… makes the art.”

American artist Sol LeWitt

Who created the video Walking in an Exaggerated Manner Around the Perimeter of a Square (1967-68)?

Bruce Nauman

Who created Following Piece(1969)?

Vito Acconci

Bruce Nauman and Vito Acconci both created what genre of art?

Conceptual art

What do Following Piece and Walking in an Exaggerated Manner Around the Perimeter of a Square have in common?

They both relied on a script to stage walking related actions

What does Richard Long refer to himself as?

A sculptor

What of Richard Long’s art pieces are what?

Temporary, only made permanent by documentation such as photos, writing and maps

How are Richard Long’s art pieces documented?

Through photos, writing, and maps

Where was Richard Long born?

In Bristol, England, in 1945

What generations was Richard Long born in?

Baby Boomers

What inspired Richard Long’s artistic interests?

The “walking holidays” that his parents took him on

From 1962 to 1965, what art school did Long study at?

West of England College of Art in Bristol

Starting in 1966, what art school did Long begin to attend?

St. Martin’s School of Art in London

What class Long take at St. Martin’s School of Art?

A Sculpting course

What is the name of one of postwar Britain’s most prestigious art schools?

St, Martin’s School of Art in London

In the 1960s, which artist dominated the sculpture faculty at St. Martin’s?

Anthony Caro

What is Anthony Caro Known for?

His large-scale works that explored balance and harmony, using industrial materials and bright colors

What was Anthony Caro’s teaching style?

He was flexible, inspirational, and experimental

Who were some of Anthony Caro’s students who pushed back against his art style?

Richard Long, Hamish Fulton, and Bruce McLean

How did Long’s works look compared to Caro’s?

They were transient, intimate and self-deprecating, while Caro’s were permanent and grand

How old was Long when he made A line Made by Walking?

22 years old (he was still a student)

What type of natural materials does Richard Long bring into traditional gallery spaces with his art?

Local mud and stones

In 1989, what award did Richard Long win?

The Turner Prize

What is the Turner prize awarded for?

The best exhibitions or installation in a British museum or gallery

Richard Long is regarded as an important pioneer of what type of art?

Land art

Land art led to the emergence of which movement?

The environmentalist movement

What do Robert Smithson, Nancy Holt, Michael Heizer, and Walter de Maria have in common?

They are the best known land art artists, though they weren’t environmentally conscious.

Which land art artist bulldozed land and carved trenches into rocks?

Michael Heizer

Which artist polluted sites with industrial chemicals for his Glue Pour art work?

Robert Smithson

Which artist created Glue Pour(1969)?

Robert Smithson

Where did Robert Smithson, Nancy Holt, Michael Heizer, and Walter de Maria create their artworks?

Open spaces in the American Southwest

British Land Art tended to be more what, than American land art?

Quieter in impact and limited in scope

Which art curator pointed out the contrast of “aggressive” American land art, with the “humility” practiced by the English?

Dieter Roelstraete

British Land Artists such as whom practiced a culture of humility with nature?

Richard Long, Hamish Fulton, and Andy Goldsworthy

How does A Line Made by Walking differ from American Land art?

it doesn’t harm the environment

How long does walking for pleasure date back to in Britain?

The 18th century (1700s)

Which artists first adopted walking for pleasure in Britain and why?

Romantic artists, because it encouraged bodily and sensory experiences

In Britain, what caused rural areas to stop being associated with hard labor, and to start being associated with leisure and escape?

The rise of industrialism and mercantilist and the decline of agriculture

In the Victorian era, what were Rambling clubs?

Large groups of walkers who challenged the idea that only landowners/gentry belonged in the countryside?

What did Rambling Clubs push for?

The right for walkers to pass through private land in the country.

Rambling clubs eventually led to the formation of which 2 organizations?

The Open Space Society (1865) and the Forest Rambler’s Club (1884)

In Britain, in which century did walking start integrating into youth movements and counter cultural attitudes?

In the 20th century (1900s)

In the 1960s, what type of books did Alfred Wainwright publish?

Guidebooks that helped walkers evade detection and defuse farm animal run-ins

British youth culture in the 1960s and 1970s was connected to what?

A “New Age” movement that focused on harnessing mystical energies from the rural landscape

Who wrote The Old Straight Track(1925)?

Alfred Watkins

What did The Old Straight Track outline in its pages?

A system of ley lines, or mystical walking paths that connected sites of power

What text experienced a revival, thanks to the “New Age” movement in Britain in the 1960s?

The Old Straight Track

When did Richard Long read The Old Straight Track?

After he completed A Line Made by Walking

What is the name of the neolithic earthwork that Richard Long walked? (associated with ancient british religious rituals)

Silbury Hill

How long is Cerne Abbas Walk and what shape does it make?

It is a 6 mile long circle

The Cerne Abbas Walk, by Richard Long, is a circle around what object?

A figure of a walking man known as the “Cerne Abbas Giant.”

In the 1970s, how old did people believe the “Cerne Abbas Giant” was?

1800 years old

Where is the “Cerne Abbas Giant” positioned?

He is cut into the side of a hill, to reveal white chalk underneath

“Hike for Health” was an ad for what?

The Southern Railway

What did Richard Long write for the caption of Cerne Abbas Walk?

His eyes watch over a country mile/ The giant/ Walks on te hill/ One Step/ Forever