Microbiology Prokaryotes

eukaryotic cell

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

prokaryotic cell (bacteria)

single celled, nucleoid DNA, no nucleus, flagella

binary fission (BACTERIA)

asexual reproduction, single-celled organisms, cell divides into 2 similar sized cells

prokaryote atp production

glycolysis, citric acid cycle

characteristics of life

1.reproductiojn/ heredity

2.growth/ development

3.movement/ irritability

4.Cell support, protection, and storage

mechanisms

5.metabolism

6.Transport of nutrients and waste

chemotaxis

Cell movement in response to chemical stimulus/ chemical gradient

genome

All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.

phototaxis

movement in response to light

Reproduction and heredity

genome

composed of DNA packed in

chromosomes; produce offspring

sexually or asexually

Metabolism

chemical and physical life processes

Movement and/or irritability

respond to internal/external stimuli; self-propulsion of many organisms

Cell support, protection, and storage

mechanisms

cell walls, vacuoles, granules and inclusions

Monotrichous

single flagellum at one end

Lophotrichous

small bunches emerging from the same site

Amphitrichous

flagella at both ends of cell

Peritrichous

flagella dispersed over surface of cell

Fimbriae

hairlike bristles emerging from the cell surface

pili

tube made of pilin protein, only in gram-negative cells

joins bacterial cells for partial DNA

transfer called conjugation

gram positive bacteria

Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain due to peptiodoglycan.

-lipotechoic

-tecjpoc acid

gram negative bacteria

Bacteria that have complex cell walls with less peptidoglycan but with lipopolysaccharides. Very toxic and hard to treat.

- lipopolysacharide

-lipoprotein

Glycocalyx

Coating of molecules on cell wall, prevents cell dehydration and nutrient loss, forms biofilms

Glycocalyx slime layer

loosely organized and attached

Glycocalyx Capsule layer

highly organized, tightly attached

biofilms

ecosystem of bacteria that stick together and then stick to environmental surfaces.

virulence factor

any characteristic increasing the chance of microbes catching diseases

cell envelope

phospholipid bilayer on cell wall

structure of cell walls

determines cell shape, prevents lysis (destruction of cell membrane) due to osmotic pressure

Peptidoglycan

primary componet of cell walls, Unique

macromolecule composed of a repeating framework of long glycan chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments

teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid

function in

cell wall maintenance and

enlargement during cell division;

porins

Proteins that allow the passage of certain ions and small polar molecules through membranes.

lipoprotein

bonding of molecules of fat and protein

periplasmic space

space between the cell

membrane and cell wall