Chapter 09: Immune and Lymphatic System

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Returns fluid to blood, filters pathogens, and supports immune defense.

What are lymph nodes?

Small structures that filter lymph and contain immune cells.

What is the function of the spleen?

Filters blood and supports immune response.

What is the function of the thymus?

Site of T-cell maturation.

What are the two major types of specific immunity?

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

What cells are central to humoral immunity?

B cells, which produce antibodies.

What cells are central to cell-mediated immunity?

T cells.

What are macrophages?

Phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens and present antigens.

What are antibodies?

Proteins/immunoglobulins that bind specific antigens.

What is active natural immunity?

Immunity after natural infection.

What is passive natural immunity?

Antibodies transferred naturally, such as from mother to infant.

What is active artificial immunity?

Immunity from vaccination.

What is passive artificial immunity?

Antibodies given by injection, such as immune globulin.

What is inflammation?

Nonspecific immune response with redness, heat, swelling, pain, and sometimes loss of function.

What is an antigen?

A substance that triggers an immune response.

What is anaphylaxis?

Severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.

What should an MA do for suspected anaphylaxis?

Activate emergency protocol, notify provider, call EMS as directed, and assist with epinephrine only per order/protocol/training.

What is the difference between vaccine and booster?

A vaccine stimulates active immunity; booster doses strengthen or prolong immunity.

What infection risk factors are common in diabetes?

High glucose environment, impaired circulation, and impaired white blood cell function.