ANATOMY FINALLLL THANK GOD

Why do our muscles need lots of mitochondria within their cells?

Muscles do a lot of work and the mitochondria gives them extra energy to perform

A sports physiologist was monitoring athletes to determine at which point their muscles began to work under anaerobic conditions. the best way to test for this would be to check for the buildup of

Lactic acid

Muscles are connected to bones by strands of tough connective tissue called

Tendons

The complete breakdown of glucose through aerobic respiration in muscle cells results in the next production of a maximum of

36 ATP molecules

A boy’s muscles are sore, his muscle cells have experienced ___ which has led to the production of lactic acid

anaerobic respiration

Are the three types of muscle tissue skeletal, smooth, and connective?

No

Is each skeletal muscle fiber a single cell containing sarcomeres?

Yes

The organelle that stores calcium and releases it into the sarcoplasm is the transverse tubules

False

Creatine phosphate serves to

Supply energy for the synthesis of ATP

The impulse that triggers a contraction travels deep into the muscle fiber by means of

Transverse tubules

A sarcomere is best described as

a unit within a myofibril

Troponin and tropomyosin are found on which muscle filament?

actin

Which type of process is necessary for the body to make the most ATP possible to support muscle contractions?

aerobic

Which ion if depleted in the body would affect the ability of muscles to contract?

Calcium, sodium, potassium

An important function of the respiratory system is to

absorb oxygen

Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may cause

obstruction of the airway

Which structures would you pass along the way in the respiratory system and in what order?

larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure increases causing respiration

False

During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the

epiglottis

True statements regarding the body’s respiratory system:

Main organ are the lungs, helps the body inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, consists of tiny air sacs

The part of the respiratory system referred to as the windpipe

Trachea

When the diaphragm contracts, what occurs?

inhalation

Oxygen from the air enters the blood stream at what location?

Alveoli

Which part is incorrectly paired?

Trachea = vocal cords

The process of using oxygen and producing CO2 at the cellular level is called

cellular respiration

The amount of air that enters the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle is the

tidal volume

The false vocal cords re responsible for creating sound

False, they are not.

The adam’s apple

Thyroid cartilage

Which organ provides the force to move blood throughout the body?

Heart

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by means of

coronary arteries

The blood vessels whose walls are thin

Capillaries

Are arteries strong, elastic vessels?

Yes, they are.

Impulses carried to the heart by means of fibers that secrete acetylcholine are

Parasympathetic impulses + decrease

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

Does the SA node relay impulses into the the AV bundle?

No, it doesn’t.

Do the pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the left atrium?

Nope

the blood vessels that contain valves are called

veins

When the ventricles contract the heart is said to be in

ventricular systole and atrial diastole

What is the average blood pressure?

120 systolic over 80 diastolic

What is the tissue that forms a loose fitting sac around the heart?

Peritoneum

The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and

waste

which part is the tin filtering units called nephrons?

1

function of the kidneys

homeostasis, red blood cell production, blood pressure

Excretory system

Urinary and digestive

urine formation involves

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Functional unit of the kidney

nephron

Main filtering organ

Kidneys

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called

Ureter

Important function of the digestive system

absorb nutrients

An example of a chemical change during digestion is

enzymes breaking down food

Chemical digestion mostly occurs in the

stomach and intestines

Which of the following is a chemical change that occurs to the food

Breakdown of molecules of food by enzymes and acid in the stomach

Where does digestion begin

mouth

Protein digestion in the body begins where

stomach

Is the large intestine where the majority of nutrients are absorbed?

Nooe

The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest

carbohydrates

A digestive enzyme secreted in the small intestines that aids the breakdown of fats is

lipase

Sequence of the alimentary canal

mucous membrane, submucosa, muscular layer, serous layer

The fat that surrounds the internal organs and is linked to heart disease

visceral

Minimum energy required to keep a person alive

BMR

How is energy expanded

metabolism, activity, BMR

What is the protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice

trypsin

Major function of the large intestine

absorb water from chyme

Nutrients which contribute energy to the body

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

is the cytoplasm the hormone produced by the pancreases in response to blood glucose levels?

no sorry

monosacchrides

glucose, fructose, galactose

How many involuntary sphincters does the gastrointestinal tract have?

4

The flap that prevents food from entering the trachea

epiglottis

What stores bile, breaks down toxic substances, etc?

liver

Nucleases are enzymes that break up pieces of what

DNA and RNA into smaller segments

What structure is similar to the penis

clitoris

What is the innermost lining of the uterus

the endometrium

where is sperm made

balls

Where are the eggs in the female reproductive organ

ovaries

What causes chlamydia?

bacteria

The opening of the uterus

cervix

What helps produce sperm

testosterone