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Why do our muscles need lots of mitochondria within their cells?
Muscles do a lot of work and the mitochondria gives them extra energy to perform
A sports physiologist was monitoring athletes to determine at which point their muscles began to work under anaerobic conditions. the best way to test for this would be to check for the buildup of
Lactic acid
Muscles are connected to bones by strands of tough connective tissue called
Tendons
The complete breakdown of glucose through aerobic respiration in muscle cells results in the next production of a maximum of
36 ATP molecules
A boy’s muscles are sore, his muscle cells have experienced ___ which has led to the production of lactic acid
anaerobic respiration
Are the three types of muscle tissue skeletal, smooth, and connective?
No
Is each skeletal muscle fiber a single cell containing sarcomeres?
Yes
The organelle that stores calcium and releases it into the sarcoplasm is the transverse tubules
False
Creatine phosphate serves to
Supply energy for the synthesis of ATP
The impulse that triggers a contraction travels deep into the muscle fiber by means of
Transverse tubules
A sarcomere is best described as
a unit within a myofibril
Troponin and tropomyosin are found on which muscle filament?
actin
Which type of process is necessary for the body to make the most ATP possible to support muscle contractions?
aerobic
Which ion if depleted in the body would affect the ability of muscles to contract?
Calcium, sodium, potassium
An important function of the respiratory system is to
absorb oxygen
Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may cause
obstruction of the airway
Which structures would you pass along the way in the respiratory system and in what order?
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure increases causing respiration
False
During swallowing, the air passage of the pharynx is covered by the
epiglottis
True statements regarding the body’s respiratory system:
Main organ are the lungs, helps the body inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, consists of tiny air sacs
The part of the respiratory system referred to as the windpipe
Trachea
When the diaphragm contracts, what occurs?
inhalation
Oxygen from the air enters the blood stream at what location?
Alveoli
Which part is incorrectly paired?
Trachea = vocal cords
The process of using oxygen and producing CO2 at the cellular level is called
cellular respiration
The amount of air that enters the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle is the
tidal volume
The false vocal cords re responsible for creating sound
False, they are not.
The adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
Which organ provides the force to move blood throughout the body?
Heart
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by means of
coronary arteries
The blood vessels whose walls are thin
Capillaries
Are arteries strong, elastic vessels?
Yes, they are.
Impulses carried to the heart by means of fibers that secrete acetylcholine are
Parasympathetic impulses + decrease
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
Does the SA node relay impulses into the the AV bundle?
No, it doesn’t.
Do the pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the left atrium?
Nope
the blood vessels that contain valves are called
veins
When the ventricles contract the heart is said to be in
ventricular systole and atrial diastole
What is the average blood pressure?
120 systolic over 80 diastolic
What is the tissue that forms a loose fitting sac around the heart?
Peritoneum
The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and
waste
which part is the tin filtering units called nephrons?
1
function of the kidneys
homeostasis, red blood cell production, blood pressure
Excretory system
Urinary and digestive
urine formation involves
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Functional unit of the kidney
nephron
Main filtering organ
Kidneys
The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called
Ureter
Important function of the digestive system
absorb nutrients
An example of a chemical change during digestion is
enzymes breaking down food
Chemical digestion mostly occurs in the
stomach and intestines
Which of the following is a chemical change that occurs to the food
Breakdown of molecules of food by enzymes and acid in the stomach
Where does digestion begin
mouth
Protein digestion in the body begins where
stomach
Is the large intestine where the majority of nutrients are absorbed?
Nooe
The salivary enzyme amylase functions to digest
carbohydrates
A digestive enzyme secreted in the small intestines that aids the breakdown of fats is
lipase
Sequence of the alimentary canal
mucous membrane, submucosa, muscular layer, serous layer
The fat that surrounds the internal organs and is linked to heart disease
visceral
Minimum energy required to keep a person alive
BMR
How is energy expanded
metabolism, activity, BMR
What is the protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice
trypsin
Major function of the large intestine
absorb water from chyme
Nutrients which contribute energy to the body
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
is the cytoplasm the hormone produced by the pancreases in response to blood glucose levels?
no sorry
monosacchrides
glucose, fructose, galactose
How many involuntary sphincters does the gastrointestinal tract have?
4
The flap that prevents food from entering the trachea
epiglottis
What stores bile, breaks down toxic substances, etc?
liver
Nucleases are enzymes that break up pieces of what
DNA and RNA into smaller segments
What structure is similar to the penis
clitoris
What is the innermost lining of the uterus
the endometrium
where is sperm made
balls
Where are the eggs in the female reproductive organ
ovaries
What causes chlamydia?
bacteria
The opening of the uterus
cervix
What helps produce sperm
testosterone