Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Practice

Flashcards covering the classification, structural differences, and functional comparison between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells based on lecture notes.

Neurons

Cells with long axons and dendrites used to pass messages over long distances.

Coarse focusing wheel

A part of a microscope used to roughly focus on a specimen and bring it into view.

Fine focusing wheel

A part of a microscope used to focus an image more sharply.

Aerobic respiration word equation

$$Glucose + oxygen \rightarrow carbon dioxide + water$$

Energy in respiration

Energy is released during respiration but cannot be created or destroyed.

Organelles found in plant cells only

Chloroplasts, cell wall, and vacuole.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells such as animal and plant cells that contain genetic material (DNA) within a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cells

Smaller cells, such as bacteria, that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; DNA is kept in a loop or in plasmids.

Plasmids

Small rings of DNA found in prokaryotic cells.

Ribosomes

Organelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells that serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells where aerobic respiration takes place to provide energy.

Size of Eukaryotic cells

Larger cells, typically between 10-100 \text{ } \bmu m in size.

Size of Prokaryotic cells

Much smaller cells, typically between 1-10 \text{ } \bmu m in size.

Location of genetic material in Prokaryotes

Floating freely in the cytoplasm as a DNA loop or in plasmids.

Location of DNA in Eukaryotes

Enclosed within the nucleus.

Salmonella bacterium

An example of a prokaryotic cell.

Respiration in Prokaryotes

Occurs in the cytoplasm because prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria.

Membrane-bound organelles

Structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts that are present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells.