Sleep, Rest, and Pain Management Flashcards

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to sleep, rest, and pain management from NR226 Unit 4 lecture notes.

Functions of Sleep and Rest

Restoration of biological processes, recovery from illness, memory consolidation, and mental relaxation.

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Associated with early brain development, cognition, and memory.

Effects of Lack of Sleep

Decreased ability to concentrate and make judgments, increased irritability and risk for chronic diseases.

N1 Stage of Sleep

Lightest level of sleep, lasting a few minutes, with a gradual fall in vital signs.

N2 Stage of Sleep

Involves periods of sound sleep lasting 10-20 minutes, with progressing relaxation.

N3 Stage of Sleep

Deepest stage of sleep with significant decrease in brain and muscle activity.

REM Stage of Sleep

Stage where dreaming and rapid eye movement occur, with fluctuating vital signs.

Normal Sleep Requirements

Sleep duration, characteristics, and quality vary among persons of all age groups.

Sleep Requirements for Neonates & Infants

Normally sleep 15-16 hours per day, with approximately 50% being REM sleep.

Sleep Requirements for Toddlers

Normally sleep 12 hours per day, with nighttime waking being common.

Sleep Requirements for Preschoolers and School-Age Children

Normally sleep 9-12 hours a day, with the amount of sleep decreasing as the child ages.

Sleep Requirements for Adolescents

Recommended to sleep 8-10 hours, often sleep less than 7 hours due to increasing demands.

Sleep Requirements for Young and Middle Adults

Normally sleep 6-9 hours a night, with Stage N3 sleep declining with advancing age.

Sleep Requirements for Older Adults

Experience an increase in sleep difficulties with age and less time spent in deep, REM sleep.

Factors Affecting Sleep

Physical illness, age, medications, emotional stress, and environmental factors.

Issues Before Sleep

Difficulty falling asleep, restless legs, and shift-related issues.

Issues During Sleep

Waking up, loud snoring, stopping breathing, restlessness, sleep walking, vivid dreams.

Issues After Sleep

Morning headache, generalized fatigue, excessive daytime tiredness.

Impact of Sleep Disorders

Impacts an individual physically and psychologically, causing alterations in mood and energy.

Insomnia

Chronic difficulty in getting to sleep, waking up frequently, and/or inadequate sleep quality.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)

Sleep disorders characterized by difficulty or inability to breathe and sleep simultaneously.

Narcolepsy

Causes excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) due to dysfunctional sleep and wake cycles.

Acute or Chronic Sleep Deprivation

Occurs as a result of a sleep disorder, illness, emotional stress, or certain medications.

Parasomnia

Sleep issues seen more often in children, may be caused by autonomic nervous system abnormalities.

Pain

Subjective experience, understood only by the person experiencing it.

Acute (Transient) Pain

Protective, warns of injury or illness, and is usually short.

Chronic (Persistent) Non-Cancer Pain

Not protective, serves no purpose, and dramatically impacts the person’s quality of life.

Chronic Episodic Pain

Occurs sporadically over an extended period of time, varying in length from hours to weeks.

Cancer Pain

Can be acute, chronic, normal, or neuropathic due to cancer, procedures, and treatments.

Idiopathic Pain

Pain without known cause, considered chronic pain.

Age-Related Pain Perception

Is perceived differently depending on a person’s developmental stage.

Fatigue and Pain

Heightens pain perception and lowers a person’s ability to cope with pain.

Genetics and Pain

May play a part in a person’s increased or decreased sensitivity to pain.

Neurological Function and Pain

Impacts normal pain reception or perception.

Previous Experience with Pain

Impacts anxiety and fear that pain may cause when it recurs.

Social Support and Pain

Can make the experience of pain less stressful.

Spiritual Beliefs and Pain

Impacts the way a client views and copes with pain.

Attention and Pain

Increased attention to pain is associated with increased pain.

Anxiety, Fear and Pain

Can result when a person is in pain, particularly if the person perceives the pain as a threat.

Coping Style and Pain

Has an influence on a person’s ability to deal with pain.

Cultural Beliefs and Pain

May assign a positive or negative meaning to the presence of pain.

Culture and Pain

Impacts pain perception, adaptation, and expression.

Quality of Life and Pain

Pain affects the ability to work, attend school, and interact socially.

Self-Care and Pain

Pain affects a person's activities of daily living (ADLs).

Work and Pain

Performance at work and/or school decreases.

Social Support and Pain cont.

Family members and caregivers can be impacted by a person's pain.

Pain Assessment

Includes verbal, non-verbal, physiological, and behavioral pain cues.

Numerical Pain Scale

Numerical continuum with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain possible.

Visual Pain Scale

Visual continuum with pictures representing the pain levels.

Pharmacological Pain Management

Analgesics, anesthetics, opioids, and non-opioids (NSAIDs).

Self-Management Strategies for Pain

Regular exercise, sleep hygiene, herbals, and nutrition practices.