Infection control vocab

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34 Terms

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antibiotic
medication that kills bacteria
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asepsis
being free from pathogenic micro-organisms
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autoclave
container used for steam sterilization
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bacterium
single-cell micro-organism that reproduces rapidly and causes many infections
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bloodborne pathogen standard
OSHA standard that identifies sharps as any item that can easily break skin and therefore potentially transmit disease
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disinfection
cleaning something (work area, equipment) using chemicals that kill pathogens but not their spores
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Edema
excessive buildup of fluids in body tissues
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erythema
reddening of the skin
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fomite
any nonliving object (catheters, tubing, hemostats) or substance capable of carrying infectious diseases
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fungus
micro-organism that grows in or on animals, plants, humans, and food, including yeasts and molds
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health care associated infection (HAI)
infection acquired in healthcare setting
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hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Liver infection caused by the hepatitus B virus, which is transmitted by blood, semen, or other bodily fluids from an infected person
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herpes simplix
virus that causes blisters around the mouth and lips (cold sores) or genital areas
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
retrovirus that invades and inactivates helper T cells of the immune system and causes AIDS and AIDS-related complex
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immunocompromised
having an impaired immune response, usually result of a disease, medication therapy, or surgery
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measles
virus that causes fever, cough, runny nose, blotchy rash, and tiny white spots inside the mouth
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medical asepsis
reducing the number and transfer of pathogens as well as breaking the chain of infection; clean technique
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meningitis
infection of the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord
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microbial
relating to a micro-organism, usually a pathogenic micro-organism
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oral candidiasis
a fungal infection of the mouth
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personal protective equipment (PPE)
protective clothing and equipment (gloves, mask, and goggles) designed to protect a worker from exposure to chemicals or infectious material
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protozoon
single-cell parasite that replicates rapidly once inside a living host
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rubella
virus that causes fever and a rash that causes serious harm to the fetus if a person develops this illness during pregnancy; German measles
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Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Documents containing information regarding chemicals in the work environment
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sanitization
reducing the number of micro-organisms by removing devris with soap and water prior to disinfecting
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scabies
itchy skin rash resulting from mites burrowing under the skin
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sharps container
puncture-proof container designed to safely dispose of needles, scalpes, and other sharp disposable medical instruments
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standard precautions
set of precautions that combines previous universal precautions with body substance isolation practices by requiring barriers for all body substances except sweat; created by the CDC to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens in health care settings
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sterilization
technique for destroying pathogens and their spores on inanimate objects, using heat, water, chemicals or gases
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surgical asepsis
complete removal of micro-organisms and their spores from the surface of an object; sterile technique
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tuberculosis
bacterial infection of the lungs that causes fever, couh, weight loss, chills, and night sweats
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varicella
viral infection that causes a blister-like rash, itching, fatigue, and fever; chicken po x
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vector
carrier (animals or insect) that can transmit disease
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virus
micro-organism that causes infections and diseases