bio 142 ch28

Fertilization

uniting sperm and secondary oocyte

zygote

oocur when seconady oocyte completes meiosis 2

prenatal

before birth

period where zygote divides by mitosis

38 weeks

postnatal

from birth to death

pregnancy

presence of devolping offspring into uterus

40 weeks

What aids the movement of the sperm through the female reproductive system?

fimbriae

How long does an oocyte live for?

12-24

How long does an sperm live for?

3-5 days

How does the zona pellucida change following fertilization?

harden to prevent other sperm

11. Define cleavage.

rapid cell division

1. What are the cells called that result from cleavage?

blastocyst

1. Define morula.  When is it formed?

16-cell solid ball

1. Describe a blastocyst.

hallow out with mass of pluripotent stem cells

Components of blastocyst

trophoblast

inner stem cell

function of outer trophoblast

secrete human chronic gomadtropin

function of inner stem cell mass

develop into a embryo

1. What developmental stage implants in the wall of the uterus?

blastocyst

1. When does implantation occur?

6-7 days after fertilaztion

1. Name the hormone that maintains the corpus luteum.  What structure secretes it?

human chronic gonadotropin

1. Why is this hormone so important? HCG

keep high estrogen and prestogen and secrete relaxin

relaxin

inhibit uterine contractions and loosen pelvic ligaments

lactogen

stimulate breast development

aldostone

increase sodium absorption and blood vol

parathyroid horemone

increase blood calcium levels

gastrulation

folding event to create 3 layers in embryo

20. What do you call the developmental stage that follows the blastocyst? \

embryogenesis

What is happening during this stage(embryogeneis)

endometrium surrounds blastocyst

21. When does the embryonic phase of development occur?

weeks 3 through 8 after fertilization

endoderm

interact with the outside world and the body's control center.

Nervous System:

Integumentary (skin,hair,nail)

Mesoderm

body’s support structures,

Cardiovascular & Lymphatic

Musculoskeletal

skeletal

circulatory

Endoderm

several major glands.

Digestive

Respiratory

Endocrine

23. What is the chorion?

extra layer of trophoblast

25. What will the chorion ultimately become?

placenta

26. What is the yolk sac? What structures develop from it?

form first blood cell

cell develop into gametes

nutrients for embryo

27. What is the allantois? What structures develop from it?

blood cell

create umbilical artery

 embryonic period of development? 2-3 weeks

blastocyst → gatrula

inner cell mass → embryonic disk

gastrulation

 embryonic period of development? week 4

form head jaw limb heart neural

 embryonic period of development? week 5-7

facial fot

limb lengthen

internal organ develop

 embryonic period of development? week 9

placenta form

29. When does the placenta form?

week 8

30. What does maternal blood pool within the placenta?

lacuna

31. Where does fetal blood pass in the placenta?

chorionic villi

32. Do maternal and fetal blood come in contact with one another?

no seperated by placental memrbane

33. What sorts of things can pass between the blood of mother and fetus?

glucose

co2

ions

calcium

urea

anti body

what carrs poor oxygen from fetus to placenta

umbilical artery

what carries oxygen rich from placenta to fetus

umbilical vein

36. When is the fetal stage of development?

end of 8th week of pre nantal

month 3

rapid body growth

head growtj slow

reproductive organ form

month 4

growth rate continue

bone ossify

hair nail nipple develop

month 5

growth slow

laryngo (fine hair)

vermix caseose develop (think oil)

month 6

weight gain

eyebrow

month 7

fat deposition

eye re open

month 8

more fat

testes decdenf

38. What are the last major organ systems to develop?

month 9 digestive and respitory

40. How is fetal blood different that the blood of an adult?

carry more oxygenated blood

what causes prostaglandin to start labor

low level of progesterone

 What is oxytocin?

a. Where is it produced?

pituitary gland

c. What does it target?(oxcytosin)

uterin contarctions

44. What does it mean to be “breach”?

anything but head first

lactogen

promote breast devlopment

block prolactin

prolactin

milk creation

oxytocin

stimulate relase of milk

estrogen (milk prod)

stimulate ductile devlopment

progesteron (milk prod)

stimulate a;veolar gland developemnt and inhibit milk prod

Neonatal Stag

• First 4 weeks (1 month) after birth.

first breath

Infancy

1 month up to 1 year old (learning to sit, crawl, walk).

high growth rate

teeth erupt

systems mature

communication

childhood

Ages 1 to 11–12 years old (toddlerhood through late childhood).

permanent teeth

muscle control

bladder control

Adolescence

ages 12 to 18–20 years old (puberty and teen years).

reproduce

growth spurt

motor skill

Adulthood

Ages 18–20+ through middle age.

not much

Senescence

Later adulthood until end of life.

degenrate