Acute Condition

is a health problem that starts suddenly, develops quickly, and usually lasts for a short period (typically days to a few weeks). Acute conditions often require prompt medical attention but can often be treated successfully. Examples of acute conditions include: The flu A broken bone Appendicitis An asthma attack A heart attack (an acute medical emergency)

Acute condition

a health problem that starts suddenly, develops quickly, and usually lasts for a short period (typically days to a few weeks). Acute conditions often require prompt medical attention but can often be treated successfully. Ex. Heart Attack, appendix etc are some examples

Adjuvant Therapy

Adjuvant therapy is an additional treatment given after the main (primary) treatment to reduce the chance that a disease will come back. Examples: Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and Hormone therapy

Amniocentesis

is a medical procedure used during pregnancy to collect a small sample of amniotic fluid (the fluid surrounding the baby) to test for certain genetic conditions and other problems. Ex. Chromosomal conditions like down syndrome

Anesthesia

is a medical treatment that uses medications to prevent pain and control sensations during a procedure or surgery. It can make a person unconscious, numb a specific area, or reduce discomfort. Ex. General, local, sadation and regional

Anti-coagulate

Anti-coagulate

to prevent or reduce blood clotting. It is usually done with medications called anticoagulants, which make it harder for blood clots to form. Ex. Heparin, Warfarin etc

Anti-histamine

medication that blocks the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the immune system during an allergic reaction. Ex. sneezing, runny nose. itchy eyes

Anti-inflammatory

A substance or medication that reduces inflammation in the body. Ex. redness, swelling , pain

Appendectomy

a surgical procedure to remove the appendix.

Appendix

s a small, tube-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine (colon), located in the lower right side of the abdomen.

Arrhythmia

is an abnormal heart rhythm. It means the heart is beating too fast, too slow, or irregularly because the electrical signals that control the heartbeat are not working normally.

Artery

is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Atherosclerosis

is a condition in which fatty deposits (called plaques) build up inside the walls of arteries, causing them to become narrower and less flexible.

. Atrophy

is the shrinkage or wasting away of a tissue, organ, or muscle because its cells become smaller or decrease in number.

Barium Swallow

is an imaging test that uses a contrast material called barium to examine the upper digestive tract, especially the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach).

Biopsy

a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue or cells is removed from the body and examined under a microscope to help diagnose a disease.

Bipolar Disorder

a mental health condition that causes unusual changes in mood, energy, activity level, and the ability to think clearly and carry out daily activities.

Blood Cell Count

a laboratory test that measures the number of different types of blood cells in a blood sample. It is usually part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC).

Bone Marrow

is the soft, spongy tissue found inside many bones. It is responsible for making blood cells.

Bronchitis

is an inflammation of the bronchi, the large airways that carry air to and from the lungs.

Bursitis

is inflammation of a bursa, a small, fluid-filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between bones, muscles, tendons, and skin near a joint.

Carcinoma

is a type of cancer that begins in epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the skin and the inside or outside surfaces of organs

Cardiologist

a doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels (the cardiovascular system).

Cartilage

a strong, flexible connective tissue that cushions and supports parts of the body. It is smoother and more flexible than bone but not as hard.

CAT Scan also a CT scan

is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed cross-sectional images of the inside of the body.

Catheter

a thin, flexible tube that is inserted into the body to allow fluids to enter or leave, or to help doctors perform medical procedures.

Cervix

is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb) that connects to the vagina.

Chemotherapy

is a treatment that uses powerful medications to destroy or slow the growth of cancer cells.

Chronic Condition

a health problem that lasts for a long time, usually months or years, and often requires ongoing management rather than a short course of treatment

Cirrhosis

a chronic condition in which the liver becomes permanently scarred and damaged, causing the liver to lose some of its ability to function properly.

Colonoscopy

is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon) and rectum using a long, flexible tube with a small camera called a colonoscope.

Congenital

a condition or trait that is present at birth. It may be caused by genetic factors, problems during pregnancy, or other factors affecting development before birth.

Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF), also called heart failure, is a chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to meet the body's needs.

Consent Form

a document that a person signs to give permission for a medical procedure, treatment, or participation in a study after being informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives.

Contraceptive

is a method, device, or medication used to prevent pregnancy

Convulsion

a sudden, uncontrolled episode of muscle movements caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Cyst

a closed sac or pocket of tissue that can contain fluid, air, pus, or other material. Can form in many parts of the body and may be small and harmless or may require treatment depending on their location and cause.

Dermatologist

a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of the skin, hair, and nails.

Diabetes Mellitus

a chronic condition in which the body has too much glucose (sugar) in the blood because it cannot properly make or use insulin.

Down Syndrome

a genetic condition caused by having an extra copy of chromosome 21. Because of this, it is also called trisomy 21.

Ectopic

occurring in an abnormal location or position.

EKG

also called ECG) stands for electrocardiogram. It is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

Emphysema

a chronic lung disease in which the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs become damaged and lose their ability to work properly.

Endocrinology

is the branch of medicine that studies and treats the endocrine system, which is the body's system of hormone-producing glands.

Endoscopy

is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to look inside the body using a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope with a small camera and light at the tip.

Epidural

is a type of regional anesthesia in which medication is injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord to block pain signals from a specific area of the body.

Epilepsy

a neurological disorder characterized by repeated, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Esophagus

a muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.

Fallopian tube

is one of the two tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus (womb) in the female reproductive system.

Femoral Artery

is a major blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the lower part of the body, especially the thigh and leg.

Gall Bladder

is a small, pear-shaped organ located under the liver that stores and releases bile.

Gangrene

a serious condition in which body tissue dies because it does not receive enough blood supply, oxygen, or because of a severe infection.

Gastroenterologist

is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the digestive system.

Genetic Counselor

a healthcare professional who helps people understand how genetic conditions may affect them or their families.

Glucose

a simple sugar that is the main source of energy for the body’s cells

Gynecologist

a doctor who specializes in the health of the female reproductive system and related conditions.

Heart Disease

a general term for conditions that affect the heart and its ability to function properly. It is also called cardiovascular disease when it involves the heart and blood vessels.

Hemorrhage

heavy or uncontrolled bleeding, usually caused by a blood vessel being damaged or ruptured.

Hepatitis

is inflammation of the liver. The liver is an organ that helps filter toxins from the blood, process nutrients, produce bile for digestion, and support many body functions.

Homeopathic

refers to homeopathy, a system of alternative medicine that uses highly diluted substances with the idea that they can stimulate the body’s natural healing process.

Hypoxia

a condition in which the body’s tissues do not receive enough oxygen.

Hysterectomy

is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus (womb).

Intestine

a long, tube-shaped part of the digestive system that absorbs nutrients from food and removes waste from the body.

Larynx

is the voice box, a structure in the throat that helps with breathing, speaking, and protecting the airway.

Leukemia

is a cancer of the blood-forming tissues, especially the bone marrow, that causes the body to produce abnormal blood cells.

Living Will

is a legal document that states a person’s wishes about medical treatment if they become unable to make decisions for themselves.

Lumpectomy

a surgical procedure that removes a breast tumor or abnormal tissue while preserving most of the breast.

Lupus

a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues and organs.

Lymph Node

is a small, bean-shaped structure that is part of the lymphatic system and helps the body fight infections and filter harmful substances from lymph fluid.

Malaria

a serious infectious disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Malnutrition

a condition that occurs when the body does not get the right amount or balance of nutrients needed to maintain health and function properly.

Mammogram

is an imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to examine the breasts and detect changes or abnormalities.

Miscarriage

is the loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is able to survive outside the uterus, usually before 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Morning Sickness

a common condition during pregnancy that causes nausea and sometimes vomiting, especially during the early months of pregnancy.

MRI

stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It is an imaging test that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body.

Multiple Sclerosis

is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord.

Nausea

is the uncomfortable feeling that you may vomit (throw up). It is often described as feeling sick to your stomach.

Neurologist

a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system.

Nutritionist

a health professional who provides guidance about food, diet, and nutrition to help people improve their health and manage health conditions.

Obstetrician

is a doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and the care of mothers and babies before, during, and shortly after birth.

Oncologist

a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer.

Orthopedist

is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing problems of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other parts of the musculoskeletal system.

Ovary

is one of the two small organs in the female reproductive system that produce eggs (ova) and female hormones.

Pacemaker

a small electronic device that helps control an abnormal heart rhythm by sending electrical signals to the heart.

Pancreas

is an organ located behind the stomach that helps with digestion and controls blood sugar levels.

Pathology

is the study of diseases, including their causes, development, and effects on the body. It is also the medical specialty that examines tissues, cells, and body fluids to diagnose diseases.

Patient Advocate

is a person who helps patients understand their healthcare, communicate with healthcare providers, and make informed decisions about their care.

Physiology

Is the study of how the body and its parts function and work normally.

Power of Attorney

is a legal document that gives one person the authority to act and make decisions on behalf of another person.

Radiation Therapy

is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth.

Radiologist

a doctor who specializes in using medical imaging tests to diagnose and sometimes treat diseases and injuries.

Sickle Cell Anemia

an inherited blood disorder in which red blood cells become abnormally shaped like a crescent or “sickle” instead of being round.

Spina Bifida

is a birth defect in which the spinal cord and the bones of the spine (vertebrae) do not develop or close properly during early pregnancy.

Schizophrenia

is a chronic mental health disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, perceives reality, and behaves.

Stent

a small tube or mesh-like device placed inside a blood vessel or other body passage to keep it open and allow normal flow

Stethoscope

a medical instrument used by healthcare professionals to listen to sounds inside the body, especially the heart and lungs.

Thyroid gland

a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, energy use, and growth.

Tinnitus

is the perception of sound in the ears or head when there is no external sound source.

Tracheotomy

is a surgical procedure that creates an opening (called a stoma) in the trachea (windpipe) through the front of the neck to help a person breathe.

Tuberculosis

(TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.