PN 244 Weeks 3–5 Exam Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering grief, loss, violence, schizophrenia, eating disorders, personality disorders, and addiction based on course study guides.

Grief

The anguish experienced after a significant loss, involving emotional, physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, and spiritual responses.

Necessary Loss

A normal, unavoidable part of growth or transition, such as leaving home, aging, or retirement.

Actual Loss

A loss recognized or verified by others, such as death, job loss, divorce, or limb loss.

Perceived Loss

A loss experienced by the person but not always visible to others, such as loss of confidence, independence, or status.

Maturational Loss

A loss related to normal developmental change, such as starting school, menopause, or older-adult role changes.

Anticipatory Grief

Grief expected before it occurs, such as with a terminal diagnosis, dementia, or a planned amputation.

Situational Loss

A sudden or unexpected external event, such as an accident, miscarriage, disaster, or abrupt unemployment.

Kübler-Ross: Denial

A stage of grief involving numbness, disbelief, and difficulty accepting reality; nursing approach includes remaining present and giving simple information.

Kübler-Ross: Bargaining

A stage of grief involving promises and "if only" thinking; nursing approach includes listening without judgment.

Disenfranchised Grief

Grief that is not openly acknowledged or socially validated, such as after pet loss, infertility, overdose, or an unrecognized relationship.

Complicated Grief

Persistent, intense, and disabling grief that interferes with function and adaptation.

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Persistent and impairing grief beyond expected norms: more than $12$ months in adults or more than $6$ months in children/adolescents.

Aggression

Behavior intended to dominate, threaten, or harm; may be verbal, physical, direct, indirect, impulsive, or planned.

Walker Cycle of Violence: Phase 1

Tension building: Characterized by increasing criticism, jealousy, control, fear, and minor incidents.

Walker Cycle of Violence: Phase 2

Acute battering: Physical, sexual, or severe psychological violence; represents the highest danger.

Walker Cycle of Violence: Phase 3

Honeymoon/reconciliation: Involves apologies, gifts, affection, promises, minimization, or blame.

Schizophrenia

A profound neurobiological disorder involving psychosis, impaired relationships, and behavior that may appear odd or bizarre.

Positive Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Added or distorted manifestations, including delusions, hallucinations, loose associations, clanging, neologisms, and echolalia.

Negative Symptoms (Schizophrenia)

Reduced or absent manifestations, including anhedonia, alogia, flat affect, avolition, self-neglect, and social withdrawal.

Avolition

A negative symptom of schizophrenia characterized by a lack of motivation.

Acute Dystonia

An extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) occurring within hours, involving painful spasms of the face, tongue, neck, or back; treated with IM/IV diphenhydramine.

Akathisia

An EPS occurring within days, where the client cannot sit or stand still; treated with benztropine, lorazepam, or beta blockers.

Tardive Dyskinesia

An EPS occurring after years of medication use, involving involuntary tongue, face, or limb movements; may be irreversible.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A life-threatening emergency characterized by high fever, severe muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder featuring restriction, significantly low weight, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder featuring binge eating followed by compensatory behavior such as vomiting, laxatives, fasting, or exercise.

Refeeding Syndrome

A potential complication that must be watched for when nutrition is restarted in a severely malnourished client.

Personality Disorder Cluster A

Odd/eccentric patterns including paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders; characterized by suspiciousness and social detachment.

Personality Disorder Cluster B

Dramatic/emotional patterns including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic disorders; characterized by impulsivity and unstable relationships.

Tolerance

The state where an increasing amount of a substance is needed to obtain the same effect.

DTs are HELL

A mnemonic for alcohol withdrawal: Delirium, Tremor, Seizures, Hallucinations, ESR increased, Leukocytosis, and elevated Liver function tests.

CAGE

Alcohol screening tool: Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener; two or more positive responses suggest a problem.

CIWA-Ar

Scale that measures alcohol withdrawal severity and guides medication administration.

COWS

Scale that measures opioid withdrawal severity and guides methadone or buprenorphine administration.

Disulfiram

Alcohol-use maintenance drug; must avoid all alcohol, including mouthwash, cough syrup, and topical products.

Naloxone

Emergency medication used for opioid reversal in cases of overdose; not for maintenance.

Naltrexone

Medication used for alcohol or opioid relapse prevention; client must be opioid-free before starting.

Flumazenil

Treatment mentioned in the course notes for sedative overdose where there is a decreased level of consciousness.

SEA (The ABCs of Psych)

Priority acronym: Safety first, then Support Expressing feelings, then Assist with problem-solving.