exam term 2

Causes of the Great Depression

-Buying on credit = stocks aren't doing well

-speculation of stocks

-The banks were putting money into stocks without telling the people

bank failures over "run ons"

-"Run on" is when everyone shows up and asks people for money at the same time

-The banks can't give people their money because they have invested it

Black Thursday

-The day the stock market crashed

-The day that officially starts the great depression

Dust Bowl

-Farmers overproducing their land (not good for the land)

-Instead of nice soil, now there is sand and all the sand gets kicked up in storms and the farms are ruined

Hooverville

-Areas that the poor are living in during the great depression (shacks for the homeless)

-Named after president hoover bc people blamed him for the great depression

Emergency Banking Relief Act

-Banks cannot do business, gives the banks time to fix their issues with money from the government

-FDIC (federal deposit insurance corporation); the federal government will give you your money even if the bank does not have it

National Recovery Act

worked with business and labor leaders to develop fair

competition among businesses, create the minimum wage and stabilized prices

Social Security

created to assist old Americans with insurance after retirement, expanded to unemployment insurance as well

What describes a totalitarian state?

A totalitarian dictator has total control over everything (hitler, stalin, mussolini, tojo-japanese emperor)

Who were the main leaders of the Allied Powers?

Franklin D. Roosevelt (US), Winston Churchill (UK), Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

Who were the main leaders of the Axis Powers?

Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), Hirohito (Japan)

What was Appeasement?

Giving into someone's demands to avoid conflict

How did WWII begin?

Germany's invasion of Poland

What were Hitler's tactics in fight WWII?

Blitzkrieg(rapid coordinated attacks), Luftwaffe(air force), Submarine Warfare(U-boats)

The first successful Allied campaign

Battle of El Alamein in Africa

What happened at Pearl Harbor

Japan launched a surprise attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Led the US to declare war on Japan officially entering WWII

Why was the Battle of Midway significant?

Crippled the Japanese navy to the extent that they could no longer launch offensive operations in the war. Also fought entirely at sea with the use of planes

What was Executive Order 9066?

Signed by FDR, authorized the Secretary of War to choose certain areas as military zones

Describe Island Hopping.

Strategy of taking only the important islands in the Philippines

What happened at D-Day?

6/6/44- largest naval invasion in history. Allied troops attacked the Norman beaches

How did Hitler fight the war in its final days?

Stayed in his bunker and directed military operations from there. He refused to surrender even though Germany was losing. He eventually committed suicide

What was the costliest battle of WWII for the US?

The Battle of the Bulge

Difference between East and West Berlin

Germany is in four zones; the USSR is on the east side and the US, UK, and France are on the west side of Berlin.

What was the Marshall Plan?

Give aid to european countries that need help after WWII, mainly the west

Explain the Truman Doctrine

-Says that we will contain communism

-Aiding countries that also want to contain communism

Who was the Supreme Allied Commander in Korea?

Douglas MacArthur

What was his plan to win the Korean War?

Use air power, naval blockades, and a surprise landing at Inchon to cut off North Korean forces and reunite Korea under a democratic government

Describe Freedom Riders.

Bussed African Americans to segregated areas where sit-ins could be staged

How was MLK arrested in Birmingham?

He joined a protest when they were banned

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

Failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA. Aimed to overthrow Castro's government

Define SALT I and II

SALT I= not making anymore nuclear weapons. SALT II= limit the number of nuclear weapons an expansion of salt one

What was the Domino Theory?

That is one country falls to communism they all soon will

What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin? What was its significance?

It was when the uss maddox blew up in the gulf tonkin; this escalated the involvement in the involvement in vietnam

Supporters of the Vietnam War were called?

hawks

Anti-War protestors were called?

doves

How did the Vietnamese fight against the US?

Used guerrilla warfare tactics

How did the US fight against the Vietcong?

Search and destroy missions, heavy bombing campaigns, and Agent Orange and napalm

Describe Vietnamization.

The gradual pullout of US troops out of Vietnam

What is NATO?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A military alliance formed by countries in North America and Europe to protect each other from threats and maintain peace

What was cookie cutter culture?

During WWII the US suburban places developed nearly identical, mass produced houses. It also has similar lifestyles, values, and consumer habits

What was the baby boom?

A period after WWII when there was a significant increase in birth rate in the US

What was the Second Red Scare?

A period in the US that was marked by intense anti- communist suspicion and persecution

How did McCarthyism lead to an anti-communist agenda?

It created widespread fear and suspicion of communist influence in American society, government, and institutions

Describe the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 64.

1957 focused on voting rights and empowered federal officials to prosecute those who interfered with the right to vote. 1964 outlawed discrimination and prohibited employment discrimination

Who was Nixon's Secretary of State?

Henry Kissinger

Why did Nixon visit China in 1972?

To seek a new relationship with the People's Republic of China, to open economic channels to counter Soviet influence and reshape the Cold War balance of power

Describe Stagflation

Combination of recession and inflation

What happened at Watergate?

A top secret government informer provided tips on a break in at the DNC office at a hotel called Watergate

The Iran Hostage Crisis

In Iran a revolution against the US backed Shah(emperor) led by someone who eventually took power. The Shah fled to the US and Carter agreed to give him a place to stay. Iranian students, enraged with Carter's actions, stormed the US embassy in Tehran, taking 52 hostages

How did detente end?

When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan

Describe Supply-side economics

- AKA reaganomics

-the idea that if taxes are cut on wealthy business owners, they must invest more money into the economy

-People that make a lot of money will just save the money and expand their business and hire more people. the tax dollars that were previously going to unemployment; now the money will go into expanding a business and that will hire people that were previously unemployed.

What was the savings and loans crisis?

-Reagan originally wanted to cut government spending- then they eventually spent way more money than they thought because the banks failed due to fraud and poor lending practices- this led to a crisis causing the government to bail out the banks with over $200 billion in tax payer money.

-The government was giving too much money out

Who were the group of communist fighters in Nicaragua?

sandinista

Who fought against them?

contras

What was START I?

Strategic arms reduction treaty; this limited the number of nuclear weapons in the world

What symbolized the fall of the Soviet Union?

The fall of the Berlin Wall

What year did the USSR collapse?

1991

Why did George HW Bush issue orders to invade Kuwait?

To invade Kuwait because Iraq had invaded and occupied Kuwait. The US aimed to liberate Kuwait and ensure stability of the oil supply

What was the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Provided benefits and equal employment opportunities to all Americans

How did Bill Clinton win the Presidency?

He was a good communicator

Describe one reason for Clinton's impeachment.

He was caught lying under oath

What was the Contract with America?

A Republican platform that details conservative principles

The date of the deadliest attack on American Soil.

9/11/01

How did George W. Bush retaliate against the terrorist attacks?

Operation Iraqi freedom- invading Iraq once again, quickly topping Hussein's regime

Describe at least 2 of the reforms under Obama

Affordable Care Act

Who led the opposition to Obama?

The Tea Party( wing of republicans)

What were at least 2 economic troubles Obama had to deal with?

unemployment and job creation

What was the conservative/laissez-faire Act that Trump signed into law?

the Tax Cuts and Job Act

How did Trump attempt to shield American industry from foreign competition?

by his America First Policy

What was one example of Trump's America First Policy?

he pulled out the equal trade (NAFTA) partnership with Mexico and Canada to pursue US interests in North America. He put tariffs on Chinese made products to limit the number of Chinese made goods coming into the US

Do you believe dropping the atomic bombs on Japan was justified to end WWII? Why or why not?