AP - exam 3 (urinary)

renal fascia

what outer layer of the kidneys are an anchoring layer of dense fibrous connective tissue?

perirenal fat capsule

what layer of the kidneys act as a fatty cusion?

fibrous capsule

what layer of the kidneys prevents spread of infection to kidneys?

costovertebral angle

what is the acute angle formed on either side of the back between 12th rib + vertebral column?

renal cortex

internal anatomy of kidney

what is the external segment called?

renal medulla

internal anatomy of kidney

what layer is composed of cone-shaped pyramids which are separated by renal columns (inward extensions of cortical tissues)?

papilla

internal anatomy of kidney

what is the tip of pyramids called, which releases urine into minor calyx?

lobe

internal anatomy of kidney

what is the medullary pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue called, where about 8 exist per kidney?

renal pelvis

internal anatomy of kidney

what is the funnel-shaped tube continuous with ureter called?

minor calyces

internal anatomy of kidney

what drains pyramids at papillae?

major calyces

internal anatomy of kidney

what collects urine from minor calyces and empties urine into renal pelvis?

renal corpuscle

glomerulus and bowman's capsule are part of the ___________ of the nephron

tubule

proximal, Loop of Henle, and distal are parts of the _____________ of the nephron

glomerulus

what part of the renal corpuscle contains a tuft of capillaries with a fenestrated endothelium?

bowman's capsule

what part of the renal corpuscle is a cup-shaped, hollow structure that surrounds the glomerulus?

visceral layer

what layer of the glomerulus contains podocytes, which are cells that have foot processes that clings to the basement membrane?

Loop of Henle

what part of the renal tubule dips into the medulla of the kidneys?

concentrated urine

juxtamedullary nephrons are important in the product of ________, as their ascending limbs have longer + thicker segments

high

relatively, what is the general blood pressure in the glomerulus?

afferent

BP in glomerulus is high because _______ arterioles are larger in diameter than efferent arterioles

vasa recta

_______ are long, thin-walled vessels parallel to long nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons; functions in formation of concentrated urine

efferent

what type of arterioles does vasa recta arise from?

juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)

what regulates urine filtrate formation and blood pressure, with three cell populations?

macula densa

juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)

what type of cell are. . .?

- tall, closely packed

- lines wall of ascending limb of nephron look + distal tubule

- chemoreceptors

- sense NaCl content in urinary filtrate

granular cells

juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)

what type of ell are. . .?

- enlarged, smooth muscle

- afferent arteriole

- contains renin

- mechanoreceptor

- senses BP

mesangial cells

juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)

what type of cell are. . .?

- surrounds capillaries of glomerulus

- keep filtrate membrane clean + healthy

- contractile properties

extraglomerular

what type of mesangial cell are located between granular cells + macula densa and pass signals between these cells?

urinary bladder

what structure is a muscular sac for temporary storage of urine and is retroperitoneal?

trigone

what is the smooth triangular area outlined by openings for ureters and urethra?

urethra

what is the muscular tube draining urinary bladder, lined with mostly pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

transitional epithelium

what type of epithelium lines near the bladder of the urethra?

stratified squamous epithelium

what type of epithelium lines near the external urethral orifice of the urethra?

opening of external urethral sphincter

what process(es) of urination can occur via somatic nervous system (voluntary), where skeletal muscle spans here?

contraction of detrusor muscle and opening of internal urethral sphincter

what process(es) of urination occurs via autonomic nervous system (involuntary)?

female urethra

________ is 3-4 cm in diameter

vaginal opening

female urethra is rightly bound to the anterior vaginal wall, where the external urethral orifice is anterior to _____________

male urethra

_________ involves. . .

- prostatic urethra within prostate gland

- intermediate part; passes through urogenital diaphragm

- spongy urethra which opens via external urethral orifice