Accumulative AP Statistics Review

Use this as a review! Will gradually increase content overtime, so be diligent!

Context

5 Ws (including How); ideally tells Who was measured, What was measured, How the data were collected, Where the data were collected, and When and Why the study was performed.

5 Ws (and How)

Who, What, Why, Where, When, How

Who (5 Ws)

Who was measured; Case information (subject being asked)

What (5 Ws)

What was measured? (Variables; Categorical and quantitative)

How (Part of 5 Ws)

How the data were collected; is the way the data was collected insightful or nonsense?

Where (5 Ws)

Where was the data collected? (Provides additional context)

Why (5 Ws)

Why the study was performed? (What was the purpose of this study?)

When (5 Ws)

When the study was performed? (Is this study still historically relevant or is it outdated?)

What are the two ways we treat variables?

Categorical and quantitative

Categorical variables

Identifies a name for each category in a case, either numerical or words (Eg. What color is your dream car?, What is your class year? (9 = Freshman, 10 = Sophomore, etc))

Identifier variables

Explicitly or uniquely defines each case (Eg. Student ID or SSN)

Quantitative Variables

If the numbers act as numerical values (USUALLY CONTAINS UNITS)

Data

Systematically recorded information, whether numbers or labels, together with its context

Data table

An arrangement of data in which each row represents a case and each column represents a variable

Case

A case is an individual about whom or which we have data

Population

All the cases we wish we knew about

Sample

The cases we actually examine in seeking to understand the much larger population

Variable

Holds information about the same characteristic for many cases

Units

A quantity of amount adopted as a standard of measurement, such as dollars, hours or grams

What are the necessary Ws for data?

Who & What