Final Exam World History

Which of the following is true regarding the Umayyad Caliphate? (Select all that apply.)

	Umayyad leaders predominately saw Islam as an Arab religion and did not force conversions to Islam.
	The Umayyad caliphs moved the capital from the religiously-important Mecca to the politically-advantageous Damascus.
	It faced numerous rebellions from within the Muslim community which ultimately led to its downfall.
	Umayyad conquests created a Muslim zone for trade and commerce that spanned three continents.

Which of the following statements best describes pre-Islamic Arabia? (Select all that apply.)

Arabian society was fragmented into numerous tribes and clans.

The first monotheistic state in Arabia was Jewish.

The camel was an important resource that permitted long distance trade and travel.

Both the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires sought to influence affairs in Arabia to benefit their respective interests.

true or false?

The Qur'an became one of the principal unifying forces within the Arab world.

true

Which of the following best describes jihad? (Select all that apply.)

Early Muslims interpreted it as exclusively focusing on a personal, interior struggle.

The term "jihad" did not appear in the Qur'an.

The obligation to wage jihad is grounded in Islam's claim to be a universal religion.

How did Shari'ah differ from secular law codes? (Select all that apply.)

It is considered impossible to alter Shari'ah since Muslims believe that it represents God's will.

It offers little to no effective legal recourse for women.

Much of it focuses on family life and gender relations.

Rulers from the Umayyad dynasty first wrote and promulgated Shari'ah to centralize authority in the caliphate.

How were Sunni and Shi 'ite Muslims different? (Select all that apply.)

The Sunni developed a sense of continual persecution that alienated them from the broader Muslim community, while the Shi'ites did not.

The Shi'ites established a religious hierarchy, while the Sunnis did not.

The split between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims remains until today.

Shi 'ites believed that Ali was the rightful successor to Muhammad, while the Sunni held that the Umayyad Caliphate was the legitimate leader of the Muslim community.

Which of the following are included among the five pillars of Islam? (Select all that apply.)

The Ramadan fast.

Daily prayer five times a day.

Jihad, or striving to uphold, strengthen defend or spread Islam.

The hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca.

true or false

Mecca became an important religious center only after Muhammad had begun his preaching.

false

true or false

The Islamic term "People of the Book" refers to Jews and Christians who possess their own scriptural texts.

true

Which term refers the Muslim community itself?

Mosque.

None of these.

Ka'ba.

Umma.

Which of the following best describes Sufism? (Select all that apply.)

It was a mystic strain of Islam that advocated direct union with God through religious ecstasy.

It complemented the public rituals of prayer with private devotions and an emotional relationship with God.

It tended to reject luxury and to emphasize simplicity.

It sought to combat and suppress secular influences in Muslim society and created a climate of intellectual repression.

true or false

The Abbasids took advantage of Shi'ite dissatisfaction in their civil war against the Umayyads.

true

Which of the following terms should be associated with Srivijaya? (Select all that apply.)

Angkor Wat

None of these.

Hinduism

Madrasas

Which of the following is true about Funan? (Select all that apply.)

Funan embraced Hinduism as its state religion.

Which of the following should be associated with the intellectual achievements of the Abbasid Caliphate? (Select all that apply.)

The foundation of paper mills

The development of algebra and the incorporation of Persian and Indian mathematics.

Medical commentaries

Philosophical commentaries

How was the Abbasid model of government different from that of the Umayyads?

The Abbasids embraced Shi'ite Islam, while the Umayyads practiced Sunni Islam.

The Abbasids advanced talented people regardless of ethnicity, while the Umayyads reserved influential positions for Arabs.

The Umayyads advanced talented people regardless of ethnicity, while the Abbasids reserved influential positions for Arabs.

The Abbasids embraced Sunni Islam, while the Umayyads practiced Shi'ite Islam.

Which of the following is true about Abbasid society? (Select all that apply.)

The Abbasids shifted the focus of the Islamic world eastward and moved their capital to Baghdad.

The Abbasids emphasized Islam as a universal religion and stressed the spiritual equality of all Muslims, regardless of ethnicity.

What factors contributed to the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate?

The reliance on Turkish slave warriors called mamluks.

Religious persecution of Shi'ites

The continued emphasis on Arab identity (e.g. the belief that the Qur'an could only be read in Arabic and that one could only complete the hajj by traveling to Arabia)

The breakdown of centralization in the bureaucracy.

Which of the statements are true? (Select all that apply.)

true or false

The values and even structure of Cambodian society was greatly influenced by Buddhism.

false

How did Muslim trade influence West Africa? (Select all that apply.)

It encouraged the transformation of African villages into centralized kingdoms.

Africans began to adapt Muslim laws and institutions as well as the Arabic language.

West Africa ceased to be impoverished since Muslim gold now flooded into the region.

Which of the following best describes the Fatimid Caliphate? (Select all that apply.)

Though the rulers were Shi'ite Muslims, the majority of the population were Sunni.

The Fatimids were ultimately overthrown by Saladin.

The Fatimids established their capital in Cordoba, Spain.

Which of the following enabled Christian Ethiopia to resist Islam's expansion? (Select all that apply.)

The ruler of Ethiopia protected early Muslims who had fled Mecca, and Muhammad considered the kingdom to be a friend.

The crusades distracted the Abbasid Caliphate and enabled Christian Ethiopia to remain independent.

The Ethiopians developed an agricultural society that enabled it to survive without relying on outside trade.

The Ethiopians won the Battle of Yarmuk River which turned back Muslim invaders for centuries.

Which of following best describes Islam in Spain? (Select all that apply.)

The Muslim conquest of Spain connected that region to North Africa for centuries.

The Umayyad family continued to rule in Spain even after the Abbasid Revolution.

Muslim Spain developed a diverse culture that incorporated influences from Africa, Europe, and Arabia.

Which of the following made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca that both showcased the wealth of his kingdom and inspired many theologians and others to come to West Africa?

King Sundiata

Mansa Musa

Ibn Battuta

true or false

The kingdom of Mali converted to Islam after the Almoravids defeated it in battle and occupied its territory.

false

true or false

The Swahili language is a blend of the African Bantu language and Arabic.

true

Which of the following was true of Great Zimbabwe? (Select all that apply.)

Historians agree that its swift decline was due to plague.

Its prosperity was based its abundant gold supply.

It was the first large state in southern Africa.

How were East Africa and West Africa different? (Select all that apply.)

East African cities were located on the coasts and engaged in trade, while West African cities were inland and focused on agriculture.

East Africa developed extensive empires, while West Africa had a collection of city-states.

Which of the following should be associated with Isma'ilism, a branch of Shi'ite Islam? (Select all that apply.)

The Fatimid dynasty

Which of the following should be associated with the Song dynasty? (Select all that apply.)

Song rulers standardized civil service exams to promote greater loyalty among administrators.

Song rulers supported frequent military campaigns and extended China's borders significantly.

Emperor Taizong was the Song dynasty's first ruler.

true or false

The "Seventeen-Article Constitution" rejected Buddhist and Confucian principles and temporarily halted Japan's borrowing from the Chinese.

false

Which of the following is true regarding Buddhism in China? (Select all that apply.)

	Buddhist ideas first arrived in China through the Silk Road.
	Mahayana Buddhism appealed to the Chinese because its emphasis on charity and compassion mirrored Confucian values.
	Buddhism's premise that life was painful brought solace to the people of northern China in the fourth century.
	Mahayana Buddhism appealed to the Chinese because its emphasis on meditation and curbing desire mirrored Daoist values.

Place the following terms in their proper chronological order from earliest to most recent.

The Sui dynasty, the Tang dynasty, the Song dynasty

Which of the following should be associated with the Tang dynasty? (Select all that apply.)

The Tang dynasty survived the An Lushan Revolt but it was severely weakened.

Though later generations denounced her rule, the Empress Wu accomplished much during her reign.

Later Tang rulers worked to suppress Buddhism as a foreign cult.

How was Korean interactions with China different from that of Vietnam? (Select all that apply.)

	Korea rejected Mahayana Buddhism from China, while Vietnam embraced it.
	None of these.
	Korea did not adopt Chinese writing, architecture, or civil service system, while Vietnam did.
	The Chinese conquered Korea but never occupied Vietnam.

true or false

The Three Kingdoms Period was a period of stability and cultural flourishing for China.

false

Which of the following was true regarding Chinese influence in Vietnam? (Select all that apply.)

Chinese influence led Vietnam to embrace Mahayana Buddhism rather than Theravada Buddhism.

The Vietnamese belief system blended Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism into the so-called "Three Religions".

Which of the following was the practice of ritual suicide by which a defeated warrior in Japan could restore his honor?

Seppuku

Which of the following innovations affected Chinese society during the period covered in this chapter? (Select all that apply.)

The importation of fast-growing rice from Vietnam.

The use of coal as fuel and then as the basis for making steel.

The introduction of paper currency.

The printing process.

true or false

Mongols of the Khanate of Jagadai saw themselves as the preservers of Mongolian tradition and even attacked other Mongols whom they criticized for embracing foreign lifestyles.

true

true or false

The Seljuk Turks came to love Persian culture and even revitalized Islamic culture.

true

What of the following accurately describes the relationship between Russia and the Mongol-Tatars? (Select all that apply.)

Mongols in Russia rejected Orthodox Christianity and settled agrarian life.

Mongol policy shaped future Russian society by promoting the status of the city of Moscow.

Which of the following was true regarding nomadic life in Central Asia? (Select all that apply.)

Herding was the principal lifestyle for Central Asians.

other answers:

Central Asian societies were predominately peaceful.

Women were frequently isolated from men and had no meaningful role in society.

Nomads almost-always attempted to join the settled agrarian communities that they encountered.

Which of the following best describes Mongol rule in China? (Select all that apply.)

The Chinese, especially Confucian scholars, resented the Mongols as barbarians.

Khubilai Khan embraced Chinese culture and adopted a sedentary lifestyle.

Khubilai Khan practiced religious toleration, becoming a Buddhist and even marrying a Christian woman.

true or false

The Assassins were a radical Shi'ite sect that terrorized the Sunni Muslim world for almost two hundred years.

true

What factors contributed to Mongol success? (Select all that apply.)

Religious fervor against those who did not share their beliefs.

Lack of united resistance.

Leadership.

The ability to adopt innovations from other cultures.

Which of the following best describes the Mongol assaults on the Muslim world? (Select all that apply.)

The Mongols of the region formed their own state, known as the Il-Khanate (subordinate khans).

The Mongols ended the Abbasid Empire and even sacked the city of Baghdad.

Place the following terms in their proper chronological order from earliest to most recent.

The Seljuk Empire, Genghis Khan, the Pax Mongolica.

Which of the following is true about the Pax Mongolica? (Select all that apply.)

The trade routes encouraged Buddhist, Christian, and Muslim communities to spread to new places.

Mongol policies, such as regular garrisons of soldiers along trade routes, actively promoted commerce.

The Mongols spread Muslim achievements in astronomy and mathematics eastward to China.

The Mongols spread Chinese inventions, like gunpowder, westward.

Which of the following terms was a code among knights that emphasized the medieval idealization of women?

Chivalry

Which of the following terms is best associated with the idea that kings are under the law and not above it?

Magna Carta

How did the Reconquista benefit Christians? (Select all that apply.)

Christians gained access to Muslim centers of learning.

Christians reconquered Jerusalem and other religious sites in Palestine.

true or false

Climate change and improvements in technology helped Europeans of the High Middle Ages produce more food and support a growing population.

true

true or false

The Renaissance has its roots in the development of artistic realism and vernacular literature.

true

true or false

Gothic architecture was known for its thick walls, round arches, small windows, and generally dark interiors.

false

Which of the following is true regarding the High Middle Ages? (Select all that apply.)

Restrictions against Jews led them to live frequently in towns and to pursue livelihoods as bankers and merchants.

Royal authority tended to become more centralized during this period.

Towns facilitated inter-regional trade and encouraged the reintroduction of money.

The Roman Church continued to be Europe's central institution during this period.

How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance? (Select all that apply.)

It promoted Christian morals and emphasized the study of early Christian writers.

It rejected and condemned medieval culture as backwards.

It was not as focused on ancient Greco-Roman culture.

It was more practical and less extravagant than the Italian Renaissance.

What factors contributed to the challenges Europe faced in the fourteenth century? (Select all that apply.)

Scholasticism

The Hundred Years War

The Avignon Papacy

The Great Western Schism

Which of the following is true regarding the crusades? (Select all that apply.)

The crusades encouraged an insular worldview that viewed non-Christians with hostility and turned Christian Europe's focus inward.

The crusades encouraged the growth of European credit and banking.

true or false

Timur Lenk destroyed many enemies but his empire lacked the foundation to survive his own death.

true

true or false

The Sikh religion blended and synthesized aspects of Hinduism, Islam, and Confucianism.

false

Which of the following is true about Ottoman society? (Select all that apply.)

The Ottomans believed that all land belonged to the state; it could be given out to loyal soldiers and officials, but it reverted to the state when they died.

The Ottomans continued the Byzantine tradition of caesaropapism.

Privilege was based on merit and performance rather than on one's birth.

The Ottomans were less motivated by religious zeal when dealing with their enemies.

Which statement best describes Suleiman the Magnificent? (Select all that apply.)

After multiple failed campaigns in central Europe, he concluded that the region was beyond his ability to conquer.

He was an intellectual who was eager to incorporate Turkish, Persian, and Byzantine cultural achievements.

He was known for his laws and attempted to adapt Shari'ah to the Ottomans' multi-ethnic empire.

He played a role in European politics by supporting Protestants against Catholics during the Reformation.

How was the Safavid Empire different from the Ottoman Empire? (Select all that apply.)

The Safavids claimed descent from Ali and embraced Shi'ite Islam.

Which statement best describes the effects of Akbar's religious tolerance? (Select all that apply.)

Muslim rebellions broke out against his rule.

Akbar eventually started his own religion that incorporated practices from several religious faiths.

Akbar allowed non-Muslims to hold high offices within his empire.

Which of the following refers to the Ottoman slave-soldiers who had been forced to convert to Islam as children?

Janissaries

Which of the following best describes Timur Lenk? (Select all that apply.)

He was an excellent military commander but lacked administrative skills.

He campaigned against the Golden Horde of Russia, the Ottomans, the Delhi Sultanate, and the Chinese empire.

He built the beautiful capital city of Samarkand for his empire.

The Ottomans continued the Byzantine tradition of caesaropapism.

true

What factors led to the establishment of the Mughal dynasty in India? (Select all that apply.)

Timur Lenk's invasion devastated the Delhi Sultanate.

Babur could not retain control over Samarkand and decided to try to conquer someplace else.

Babur embraced the use of firearms in battle.

Which statement best describes the Aztec cosmic mission theory? (Select all that apply.)

Belief that the sun must be nourished with an invisible elixir found only in beating hearts.

Which of the following was true about Aztec society? (Select all that apply.)

Merchants and priests formed the elite of society.

Slavery in the Aztec Empire was based not on race but on bad conduct.

There were different afterlives possible, each on based on the manner of death.

Which of the following terms should be associated with the fall of the Incan Empire? (Select all that apply.)

Atahuallpa

Which of the following was true about Incan society? (Select all that apply.)

A series of bridges and smoothly paved roads connected the different regions of the mountainous empire.

They did not develop a written language.

Which of the following should be associated with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire? (Select all that apply.)

The Tlaxcallan Confederacy

Montezuma II

Which of the following terms should be associated with the Incan Empire? (Select all that apply.)

Sapa Inca

Mitima

Quipu

Which of the following statements accurately describes Toltec society? (Select all that apply.)

Though they were a militaristic society, they also had a sense of beauty and art.

They practiced human sacrifice.

Toltec worshippers of the god Quetzalcóatl were apparently driven away from the rest of society.

Francisco Pizarro's deception was crucial in overcoming the strength of the Incan Empire.

true

true or false

One of the reasons why civilization developed later in the Western Hemisphere was the absence of large four-footed mammals that could be domesticated for meat and for agricultural work.

true

Place the following terms in their proper chronological order from earliest to most recent.

The Olmecs, the Maya, the Toltecs