HHD UNIT 4 AOS 2

Aid

Assistance given from one party to another

Bilateral aid

Support provided by one government to the government of another country

Communicable disease

Also known as infectious diseases, they can be spread from person to person, or animal to another, and are typically caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Examples include cholera, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and influenza.

Discrimination

Refers to the unfair or unjust treatment of an individual or group based on certain characteristics such as race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity.

Energy dense foods

Foods that have a high amount of energy per gram and whose high consumption can lead to weight gain.

Extreme poverty

The world bank defines extreme poverty as those living on less than $3 PPP per day per person

Gender Equality

Means that people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities in every aspect of life.

Humanitarian assistance

Humanitarian assistance is rapid, short term support provided during crises such as conflict, floods, or earthquakes. It may include food, water, shelter, medicine and health workers.

Human development

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead production, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding peoples choices and enhancing their capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health, and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.

Individual actions

Things people can do on their own to bring about personal change

Multilateral aid

Assistance provided by a large global organisation, such as the WHO or World Food Programme

Neonatal period

The first 28 days following birth

Maternal mortality

The death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 6 weeks of delivery, typically expressed per 100,000 women giving birth

Non-communicable disease

Sometimes referred to as lifestyle disease, they are disease that do not spread from person to person and are often caused by a range of lifestyle, genetic, and environment factors. Examples include cancer, type 2 diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular disease such as stroke.

Non Government organisation

Independent, non profit groups that work to promote health and human development, such as World Vision and Oxfam

Non government organisation aid

Support provided by non-government organisations to promote health and human development

Poverty

Refers to the deprivation which often stems from a lack of income but can present as a lack of material resources, such as food, shelter, clean water, and healthcare.

Safe water

Water that is free from contaminants such as bacteria and viruses, and chemicals such as mercury and lead, making it safe to drink, cook with, and use for hygiene purposes.

Sanitation

The provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces.

Social actions

People working together to bring about positive change.

Social protection systems

Government programs designed to reduce poverty by helping people cope with lifes challenges, such as unemployment, illness, or old age.

Sustainable Development Goals

Also known as the global goals, the SDGs are 17 goals that aim to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

Sustainability

Refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Universal health coverage (UHC)

Means that all people, no matter where they live, can access the health services they need without experiencing financial hardship.

United Nations (UN)

An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and development around the world.

World health organization (WHO)

The health branch of the United Nations that connects nations, partners, and promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable.

What is SDG 1?

No Poverty

What is SDG 2?

Zero hunger

What is SDG 4?

Quality education

What is SDG 5?

Gender Equality

What is SDG 6?

Clean water

What is SDG 12?

Responsible consumption and production

What is SDG 3?

Good health and wellbeing

SDG 3 Aim

Aims to achieve good health and wellbeing for all people at every stage of life

What is the difference between outcomes and actions?

Actions relate to things that need to be done, and others are related to milestones that need to be reached which are outcomes.

What are the actions of SDG 3 ‘Good health and wellbeing’?

• Achieve UHC, including affordable access to quality healthcare services and essential medicines and vaccines

• Access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services

• Increase investment in health care services and a well-trained workforce

• Strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse

• Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for communicable and non communicable disease.

• Strengthen capacity for early warning, risk reduction, and management of health and wellbeing risks

• Strengthen the implementation of the WHO framework prevention on Tobacco Control

What are the outcomes of SDG 3?

• Reduce maternal mortality

• End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5

• End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and NTDS, and combat hepatitis, water-borne disease, and other communicable disease

• Reduce non-communicable disease and promote mental health and wellbeing

• Reduce deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

What are the key features of SDG 3?

• Reduce maternal mortality

• End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5

• End the epidemics of communicable disease

• Reduce non-communicable disease

• Promote mental health and wellbeing

• Reduce deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents

• Reduce deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals, and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

What is the aim of SDG 1:No Poverty?

Aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere by ensuring equal access to resource, opportunities, and social protection for all people

What are the key features of SDG1?

• Eradicate extreme poverty

• Reduce the proportion of men, women, and children living in poverty

• Implement social protection systems

What is the aim of of SDG 2: Zero hunger?

Aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture for all people.

What are the key features of SDG2?

• End hunger and ensure access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food for all

• End all forms of malnutrition

• Double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women

What is the aim of SDG4: Quality education?

Aims to ensure inclusive, equitable, and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning opportunities.

What are the key features of SDG 4?

• Ensure all boys and girls have access to free primary and secondary education

• Ensure all youth achieve literacy and numeracy

• Increase the number of youth and adults with technical and vocational skills for employment

What is the aim of SDG5: Gender Equality?

Aims to achieve equality between all genders and empower women and girls by elimination discrimination, violence, and unequal access to opportunities.

What are the key features of SDG 5?

• End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls

• Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls

• Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights

What is the aim of SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation?

• Achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

• Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all

• Improve water quality by reducing pollution

What is the aim of SDG12: Responsible consumption and production?

Ensure sustainable use of natural resources by promoting efficient production, reducing waste, and encouraging environmentally friendly lifestyles.

What are the key features of SDG12?

• Achieve efficient use of our natural resources

• Reduce global food waste

• Reduce waste through reduction, recycling, and reuse

What is the overarching goal of the WHO?

To promote, provide, and protect health and wellbeing for all people, everywhere.

What is the promote, provide, and protect health targets?

Promote: Healthier populations - 6 billion people will enjoy healthier lives

Provide: UHC - 5 billion people will benefit from universal healthcare without financial hardship

Protect: Health emergencies - 7 Billion people will be better protected from health emergencies?

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Climate, Determinants, Primary, Improve, inequity, and inequality, prevent and prepare, rapidly and respond

What are the objectives of promote health?

• Respond to climate change, and escalating threat in the 21st century

• Address health determinants and the root causes of ill health in key policies across sectors

What are the objectives of provide health?

• Advance the primary health care approach and essential health system capacities for universal health coverage

• Improve health service coverage and financial protection to address inequity and gender inequalities

What are the objectives of protect health?

• Prevent, mitigate, and prepare for risks to health from all hazards

• Rapidly detect and sustain an effective response to all health emergencies

What are the advantages of NGO aid?

Targets small community based projects, reaches remote or conflict affected areas, provides specialized expertise, builds trusted relationships with local communities

What is the Australian aid program?

A program delivered through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). It aims to promote a peaceful, stable, prosperous Indo-pacific by reducing poverty, supporting sustainable development and strengthening resilience.

Why does Australian aid rely on partnerships?

• Expand the geographic reach and influence of aid initiatives

• Incorporate expertise and specialist knowledge that partners possess to help deliver aid initiatives

• Prevent duplication of aid efforts and initiatives and increase efficiency

• Incorporate innovative ideas and technologies into aid initiatives

What are the Australian aid partnerships?

Bilateral, multilateral, NGO, Business/ private sectors, local community, other government departments

What are the features of effective aid programs?

• Partnerships

• Ownership

• Sustainability

• Effective use of natural resources

• Ease of access

• Affordability

• Development of knowledge and skills of the local community, including women

• Cultural appropriateness

• A focus on a significant need of the community

• Results focused/ contributing to improvements in health and human development

What are examples of individual actions

• Reduce, recycle, and reuse products to reduce your environmental impact

• Choose to speak up if you see discrimination in society

• Shop locally to keep jobs in your local area

• Talk about important issues with family and friends to increase their awareness

• Talk to your local political candidate about an issue of importance to you to help raise their awareness

• Share social media posts to raise awareness of global issues and what can be done about them

• Walk, ride a bike, or take public transport to reduce your environmental impact

• Purchase products that you know have been produced ethically

What are examples of social actions?

• Volunteer to be part of an organization or program that is working to improve the lives of others

• Join together with others to raise money for a cause or organization that uses these funds to run programs to improve the lives of others

• Join together with others in protest to raise awareness of a cause or important issue

• Organize an email campaign government about issues

• Join together with others and sign a petition to demonstrate collective support for an important issue

• Organize a group boycott and refuse to buy, use, or support certain products or services from unethical companies