quiz 4 soc200

Gender

behaviors, personal traits, social positions that society attributes to being male or female

Gender roles

patterns of behaviors in which women and men engage. based on the cultural expectations associated with their gender

Gender identity

individuals specific definition of self. based on their understanding of what it means to be male or female

Gender displays

demonstrations of behavior that communicate gender identities to others

“doing gender”

sees gender as an accomplished activity through interactions with others

Feminist theory

under conflict theory. understands the conditions in society and envisions the possibilities for liberating social change for everyone

Stone 2017

reality of opting our of the workforce as a woman. motherhood pull and workplace push. “supportive” husbands

Wade 2017

white men hook up the most

Sexuality

like gender, sexuality isn’t just biologically constructed, but shaped by social and cultural factors

Heteronormativity

norms and institutional structures that enforce and presume heterosexuality as the only form of sexuality expression and identity (straight people)

Masculinity

how men should act

Hegemonic masculinity

justifies the subordination of women and other marginalized ways of being men. Basically: men over women and the ideal man picture

Homosocial masculinity

emotional detachment, competitiveness, sexual objectification of women, and mostly the connection between other men

Toxic Masculinity

domination, homophobia, and aggression

transgender

identifies with a different sex than what they were born with, could identify as the opposite or nonbinary

Cisgender

gender identity at birth matches sex

Pansexual

attracted to people regardless of their gender (broader than bisexual)

Androgynous

combo of male and female traits, gender fluid or neutral

Religion

a system of beliefs, values, and rituals about what a person holds sacred or spiritually significant, teaches morals and values

Atheism

belief that there is no god

Agnosticism

person isn’t sure, not saying there isn’t a God

Pantheism

belief that everything is god and all gods are valid. merging of polytheism and animism

Age

universal category for social expectations about our roles, self-identification, understand how to interact

Biological age

age with respect to someone’s lifespan based on bio. components, may be older or younger than chronological age

Social age

refers to outside yourself, what you should be doing at any given time (ex. at 16 you should be in HS)

Psychological age

able to adapt to change

Period

the external factors that affect all age groups at a certain time, everyone’s affected differently (ex. covid)

Cohort

group of individuals who are experiencing the same event with a similar age group

Cumulative disadvantage

if you come from an advantage it grows, but if not it’s hard to take off

Adultification

process of which a child or young adolescent matures at a faster rate than their peers because of life experiences (ex. Katara)

Precocious knowledge

child knows beyond their years

Mentored-adultification

adult is very engaged with child

Peerification/spousification

children take on adult responsibilities, parents confide in them

Parentification

child takes on parent role to their parent or siblings

Adulthood stages

leave home, complete school, be financially independent. (no longer get married and have kids)

Gerontology

study of the process of aging and the challenges facing older adults

Biological aging

primary: bio. changes at cellular level.

secondary: controllable factors like exercise

Social aging

how people think about older adults and expectations

SOC or selection, optimization, compensation

selection: choosing areas to focus your resources on

optimization: what areas will grow in

compensation: make up for your losses

Disengagement theory

aging is a natural process of withdrawal from active participation in social life

Activity theory

older ppl benefit themselves and society if they continue to be active

Continuity theory

older adults make choices to maintain consistency in internal and external structures

Stage 1 of demographic transition

high fertility and mortality, largely agricultural societies

Stage 2 of demographic transition

high fertility, declining mortality, population increases, largely urbanizing societies

Stage 3 of demographic transition

low fertility and mortality, population size stabilizes or grows slowly, technology maintains a low birth and death rate