Body systems

What is the primary function of the skeletal system related to body shape?

Support: Maintains body shape and posture.

What are the two types of joints that allow movement in the body?

Synovial Joints (free movement) and Cartilaginous Joints (limited movement).

What type of bone aids in movement and supports weight?

Long Bones, such as the femur and humerus.

What type of joint allows for rotational movement?

Pivot joint, such as the neck.

What role do skeletal muscles play in the muscular system?

They contract to create movement with the skeletal system.

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells.

What is the role of white blood cells in the circulatory system?

They fight infections.

What component of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

Alveoli.

How does the respiratory system contribute to energy production?

By providing oxygen for energy production in cells.

Which term refers to moving away from the midline of the body?

Abduction.

What is the function of tendons in voluntary muscles?

Connect muscles to bones for movement.

Which systems work together for muscle oxygenation and waste removal?

Muscular and Circulatory System.

What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

Controls breathing.

What are the components of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

What does flexion refer to in movement terminology?

Decreasing joint angle.

What type of bone provides stability and shock absorption?

Short Bones, such as carpals and tarsals.

What are sesamoid bones and what is their function?

Reduce friction and pressure in tendons, e.g., patella.

What does the term 'superior' refer to in directional terms?

Above.

Identify one example of a hinge joint in the body.

Knee or elbow.

How do the muscular and skeletal systems work together?

Muscles generate movement using bones as attachment points.

What type of muscle helps move food through the digestive tract?

Smooth muscles.

What happens during flexing the elbow in a bicep curl?

The biceps contract (agonist), and triceps relax (antagonist).

Role of the Skeletal System

Provides support, protection, movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage.

Types of Bones

Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones serve various functions such as support, protection, and movement.

Types of Joints

Fixed, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, with types of synovial joints including hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, gliding, saddle, and condyloid.

Role of the Muscular System

Facilitates movement, maintains posture, generates heat, aids circulation, and assists in digestion.

Structure of Skeletal Muscle

Composed of muscle fibers, fascicles, and tendons, under voluntary control. They are muscles connected to bones.

Role of the Circulatory System

Transports oxygen and nutrients, removes waste, regulates body temperature, and protects against infection.

Major Components of Circulatory System

Includes the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma).

Role of the Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange, provides oxygen supply for energy, and enables speech production.

Major Components of the Respiratory System

Includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm.

Directional Terms

Anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.

Interaction to Produce Movement

Bones, joints, and muscles work together to produce motions such as flexing and extending during movements like bicep curls and cycling.

Anterior

Front side of the body.

Posterior

Back side of the body.

Superior

Above another structure.

Inferior

Below another structure.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the attachment point of a limb.

Distal

Farther from the attachment point of a limb.

Flexion

Decreasing the angle of a joint.

Extension

Increasing the angle of a joint.

Abduction

Moving away from the midline.

Adduction

Moving toward the midline.

What does pronation refer to in movement terminology?

Rotation of the forearm or foot that results in the palm facing downward or the foot rolling inward.

What does supination refer to in movement terminology?

Rotation of the forearm or foot that results in the palm facing upward or the foot rolling outward.