Durkheim

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What are Durkheim’s views of society?

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1

What are Durkheim’s views of society?

  • Organic change- Society continues to evolve from pre-industrial to industrial society

  • Growth of urbanisation and industrialisation has led to social mechanical solidarity

  • Experiences of modern life have impacted the cohesion of society - led to the development of anomie - drifting away from the norms and values of society

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2

What are the functions of deviance?

  • Durkheim suggested that crime is a normal part of a healthy society and performs a function for society

  • The optimal amount of crime for society to function - is too much and society would begin to atrophy - too little and it would stagnate

  • Crime performs both positive and negative functions for society would begin to atrophy - too little and it would stagnate

  • Crime performs both positive and negative functions for society

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3

What is boundary maintenance?

  • Criminal and deviant behaviour helps to reinforce the value consensus of society

  • Some behaviours help to reinforce people’s belief in the collective conscience - Society’s moral code

  • Society unites to condemn the wrong-doers and this leads to a collective agreement that the behaviour is wrong and should not be repeated

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4

What are examples of boundary maintenance?

  • Public reactions to terrorist activities - such as terrorism in London and Manchester bombings

  • Society condemns the actions of terrorism and vows to ‘not let them win’

  • Riots of 2011 - public condemnation of the behaviour of rioting and looting

  • People support harsh measures taken against looters and this reinforces collective conscience

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5

What is adaption and change?

  • Deviant behaviours demonstrate a changing attitude of the population to the established way of doing things

  • As small groups deviate, others in society will accept these behaviours as the norms

  • As the behaviours become the norm for more people, they cease to be deviant and society accepts the change

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6

What are examples of social change as a result of deviant behaviour?

  • Civil rights movements began with protests and sit-ins in white-only establishments

  • Gay rights movements accelerated after the Stonewall riots and the women’s liberation movement used unconventional means to push for equality

  • Removal of Edward Coulston statue symbol of the Black Lives Matter campaign and subsequent removal of other figures associated with slavery

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7

What is the evaluation of Durkheim?

  • Contemporary examples illustrate the legacy of Durkheim’s view of the impacts of crime on society

  • It’s difficult to measure the ‘optimal amount’ of crime that can exist in a society

  • In contemporary society, has deviance led to social changes or have other social institutions acted to nullify movements? E.g climate change protests and Black Lives Matter protests in the USA

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