Skeletal System Vocabulary

PTC MT: Chapter 6; Skeletal System Vocabulary

Abduction

Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes

Adduction

Movement that brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together

Amphiarthrosis

A slightly mobile joint

Ankylosis

Fixation and immobility of a joint

Appendicular skeleton

All bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton

Arthralgia

Joint Paint

Arthritis

Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints

Arthrocentesis

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint

Arthrodesis

Surgical fixation of a joint

Arthrography

Process of recording a jointA

Arthroplasty

Joint replacement surgery

Arthroscopy

Process of viewing a joint using an endoscope

Articulations

Where two bone surfaces meet

Autoimmune diseases/disorders

Disorders in which the immunse system overreacts and begins to attack itself

Axial skeleton

The central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Bradykinesia

Condition of slow movement

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa near a joint

Chondromalacia

Degeneration of cartilage

Chronic

A condition that lasts a long time with periods of remission and exacerbation

Craniotomy

An operation in which a piece of the skull is removed

Diarthrosis

Freely mobile joints

Diskectomy

Excision of the intervertebral disk

Discitis

Inflammation of the intervertebral disk

Dyskinesia

Abnormal involuntary movement of the extremities, trunk, or jaw

Edema

Swelling due to excessive liquid in the tissues

Eversion

Foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline

Extension

Movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint)

Flexion

Movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint)

Hematopoiesis

The production of blood cells

Hyperkinesia

Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole

Hypertrophy

The enlargement of muscles

Inversion

Foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline

Kyphosis

An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region; humpback

Lordosis

Excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; swayback

Lumbar

Pertaining to the region of the back that includes the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and nearby structures

Lumbosacral

Pertaining to the region of the back that includes the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and nearby structures

Muscular dystrophy

A general term for the group of inherited myopathies that are characterized by wasting and weakness of the skeletal muscle

Osteitis

Inflammation of bone

Osteoarthritis

The most common type of arthritis; associated with aging and wear of the articular cartilage

Osteoblast

The cell responsible for forming new bone

Osteochondritis

Inflammation of bone and cartilage

Osteocyte

Bone cell

Osteomalacia

A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency is

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Osteonecrosis

Abnormal condition of bone death (lack of blood supply)

Osteopenia

Abnormally low bone mass or bone mineral density

Osteopetrosis

A bone disease that makes bones abnormally dense and prone to breakage

Osteoporosis

A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation

Osteosarcoma

Malignant tumor of the bone

Pelvic

Pertaining to the pelvis

Pronation

Forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position

Rotation

Movement of a bone around a central axis or around its long axis

Sarcopenia

Age-related muscle atrophy

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine

Spondyloarthritis

Inflammation of the joints of the spine

Spondylosis

A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the vertebra, intervertebral disk, and surrounding soft tissue

Supination

Forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position

Synarthrosis

An immobile or nearly immobile joint

Synovectomy

Excision of the synovial membrane

Synovial Sarcoma

Malignant tumor of the synovial membrane

Tendinitis

Inflammation of the tendon

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of the synovial membrane of a tendon

Vertebroplasty

A procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis, or trauma