Intro to Music Final

Beat

steady thing, but not always

Rhythm

Where to play the notes/pitches

Tambre

What helps us separate sound (own specific sound)

Pizzicato

to pluck

Range

How high/low something can go

Maholic Contour

How it is shaped

Form

How a piece is built

Accent

note that we are emphasizing

Articulation

effects how long we play it

Staccato

separated/short

Legato

play the notes smoothly and long

Rondo

anything but ABAB

Binary

ABAB

Tertiary

ABA

Tonic

central tone of a melody or larger piece of music

Subdominant

gets us moving; triad based on the 4th note

Dominant

triad built on the 5th note of the scale which sets tension which is reached by tone

Tritone

splits an octave (devil’s interval)

Atonal

no tonal center/no home

Syncopation

notes that aren’t played on the beat

Dynamics

how loud/soft

Piano

soft

Forte

loud

Mezzo

medium

Crescendo

soft to loud

Subito

suddenly

Texture

how voices work with one another

Homophonic

other stuff to accompany the melody

Monophonic

one voice/line of melody and nothing else

Polyphonic

many melodies (at least 2) going at the same time

Allegro

fast

Moderato

moderate

Andante

slow

Meter

how many beats in a measure

Syllabic

with each pitch you sing, you use a syllable

Melismatic

we sing 2 or more pitches per syllable

Drone

one syllable pitch that sits there

Middle Ages

450-1450

Gregorian Chant

Support and fit church service, monophonic in texture, set to sacred Latin text, sung without accompaniment (rhythm is flexible, without meter and little care about beat)

Ordinary

Same thing every week, polyphonic, used at mass

5 parts: Kyrie, Sanchas, Gloria, Credo, Agmas Deli

Cantus Firmus

Fixed/Consistent melody

Church modes

7 different tones and an 8th tone that duplicates the first an octave higher

Troubadours & Towers

to invent or to find

Organum

medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines (polyphonic

Renaissance

1480-1600 polyphonic

Word Painting

a musical depiction of specific words

A Capella

Unaccompanied choral music

Motet

polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text or other than the ordianry

Madrigal

a piece for several solo voices set to a short poem; uses word painting and unusual harmonies more

Passamezzo

stately dance in duple meter

Galliard

quick dance in triple meter

Baroque Period

1600-1750 (early = homophonic, late = polyphonic)

Affection

a piece of music that has mood

Terraced Dynamics

alteration between loud and soft

Basso Continuo

continuous bass

Figured Bass

bass part with numbers above it

Movement

a piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition

Concert Grosso

a small group of soloists in pitted against a larger group of players; has 3 movements: fast, slow, fast

Tuti

all

Ritornello form

based on alternation between tutti and solo sections

Ritornello

refrain

First movement

Allegro

Subject

one main theme

Fugue

polyphonic composition based on one main theme

Counter Subject

another voice that has a different melodic idea that accompanies the subject

Episodes

transition sections

Stretto

subject is imitated before it is completed

Pedal point

a single tone that is held while other voices make harmony

Prelude

short piece

Libretto

text of the opera

Librettist

person who writes libretto

Aria

a song for solo voice with accompaniment

Recitative

a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speed

Overture

Orchestral composition

Grand bass

repeated musical idea

Cantara

work for one or more voices with accompaniment

Suites

sets of dance - inspired movements

Oratorio

large scale composition

Classical Period

1750-1800

Symphony

1st. Fast movement

2nd. Slow movement

3rd. varies: fast but not the fastest, could be in 3 or not

4th. The Fastest movement

Sonata form (first movement)

a way of constructing a piece

* Exposition
* Development
* Recapitulation
* Coda

Exposition

Exposing the main material

Development (unstable)

giving proof; examples; take stuff we just heard and mess with it

Recapitulation (stable)

recap what we just heard (exposition but not full)

Coda

little ending

Motto Allegro

Very fast

Exposition (stable)

* Primary theme
* Transition
* Secondary theme
* Closing

Primary Theme

smooth and connected

Transition

primary to secondary theme (bridge)

Secondary Theme

contrasting or different

Closing

end this part to go to development

Haydn

worked for Prince Esterhazy

Theme + Variations

Theme is played over and over again; variation is that but different

Counter Melody

helps keep people interested, another melody that goes against the main melody

Solo Concherto

3 movements: 1st = Sonda form

2 types of operas

Opera seria = serious opera

Opera boofa = comic opera

Don Giovani

opera with Mozart’s music

Beethoven

* 1770-1827
* struggled with hearing loss
* 3rd - Eroica, used to be the Bonapart after Napolean
* controversial because his style doesn’t fit the box (romantic vs classical)
* 4 note motif - fate knocking at the door
* minor to major - hero overcoming all obstacles

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Motif/Motive

small chunk of something

Lyrical

singing; smooth, connected