Virgil quotes/facts

Feeney - power

1991 - ‘preoccupied with power before any other subject’

Feeney - Aetia

1991 - ‘the aetion to end all aetia’

Nuttall - haunt

1992 - Aeneid haunted by doublesness

Carthage as rome 

Urbs antiqua fuit … urbs antiqua ruit 

arces … magalia quondam

apes sim - bees as quirites in Georg 4 - also cf. (B7 Laurentium, B12 angry Latins)

echo of opening in B1

arma virum tabulaeque et Troia gaza per undas

Aeneid q

tantaene animis caelestibus irae

Juno 1st line - echo Iliadic menin, delay

mene incepto desistere

ENding at beginning B1

et iam finis erat Jupiter 

Jupiter and scrolls of fate

volvens fatorum arcana movebo

Fowler - ends and beginnings

1997 - ‘represents its own ends and beginnings in contention’

Dido as king B1

dux femina facti

Aen as pater B1 

pater optime Teucrum - Ilioneus

killing 7 stags

contrast Aeolus

persuasive use of speech

Aeneas B1 ToJuno focalisation - misreads? contrasts passive engagement with the shield

agnoscit lacrimans … se quoque agnovi

personification ash tree B2

congemuit

violence of Pyrrhus B2

perrumpit

simile of rivers describing his furor in pursuing Priam - Harrison 1985 discusses literary associations of water and war lust. Non sic - rare example of negative simile. suggests Pyrrhus unstoppable power

Discuss the use of serpentine imagery in Book 2 of the Aeneid

Suggests greek malevolence? twin serpents that kill Laocoon and children echo twin Atreides?

BUT also describe fear of Androgeos, who when ambushed by Aeneas and co is descr in simile to unknowing person stepping on snake.

Pyrrhus climax - nitidusque iuventa = Achilles reborn. recalls Il 14 where Hector described as Snake waiting in fatherland to be attacked by Achilles - direct transl mala gramine pastus - confusion if snake greek or romans.

Serpents and fire, forces against Troy, double symbol on ecphrasis of Aeneas’ shield in B8 - Cleopatra backed by twin snakes recalling serpents killing Laocoon - Aug backed by twin flames.

B2 Trojans as wolves

Aen familial guilt?

lupi ceu raptores atra in nebula

catuli reliciti

B2 shepherd sim intertexts

Il 4 - mountain rivers.

segetes = georg 1st line.

How does Virgil-Aeneas use the distancing and bridging power of imagery in describing Laocoon’s death

compares it to a bull bellowing - Laocoon just sacrificing a bull beforehand - familiar imagery.

What is important to remember about Aeneas’ account of Books 2 and 3

He is recounting this to Dido - trying to present himself and his mission to rome as predestined, as requiring assistance etc. intradiegetic narrator.

Summarise the role of Prophecy and oracles in Book 3

B3 = Apollo oracle on Delos – motherhood misread by Anchises – stirpe, parentum, uber. Anchises attempts found New Troy o Crete = plague!

Penates inform Aen of destination and encourage him on (like Hector?).

Harpy Celaeno – infelix vates – claim phoebus as source – v scary – eat tales.

Helenus = details monstrum of white sow, omen of 4 horses when reach Italy (cf. B8) – points trojans to cumaean subyl. Verbal links to Od 11 in Helenus’ prophecy, esp signa tibi dicam – Tiresias. ref to Callimachean Hymn to Delos, unborn Apollo en route to Delos predicts worldwide power for Ptolemy Philadelphus – V comparing house of Aeneas w Ptolemaic dynasty. Augustus as new Ptolemy, taking on power predicted for Philadelphus in Hymn.

WHat is Dido compared to in her madness

Bacchatur - Euripidean Maenad
Venus as Venatrix - euripidean dionysus

SJ Harrison 2007 - direct structural parallels to the opening dialogue between Dido and Anna and that of Antigone and Ismene - length of speeches equivaent.

Dido as Ariadne Bacchantis

Di as alike to nausicaa in delivery of support and manipulation by gods

Dido as apollonian medea in use of magic.

Hannibalic curse on rome.

B4 Iris - Dido suffering unnecessary - Di match Turnus with echoes of resolveret artus

nam quia nec fato merito nec morte peribat

B4 elegy and epic - pyre and militia amoris

exuvias

ignem

culpa

B6 - what is the significance of the temple doors with the carving of Icarus and the Ariadne and Theseus myth

sets the theme for the rest of the epic as fathers losing their sons

Aen connection towards daedalus - tu quoque

sibyl interrupts as Aeneas must subordinate knowledge to broader roman projects

What various figures form Virgil’s answer to the Odyssean Elpenor in Od 11

Palinurus, Misenus, Caieta - Misenus dies through own folly, Aeneas’ emotional reaction and promise to bury Palinurus echoes Odysseus’ response to Elpenor, and caieta’s burial begins next book.

B6 Deiphobus to aeneas

i decus, i nostrum, melioribus utere fatis

Bleish - who does Deiphpbus recall = darkness of V’s text. Aeneas being dissociated from this world of Homeric brutality?

1999 - darker Agamemnon of Greek tragedy

Who else does Deiphobus recall

his mutilated body is reminiscent of Hector

discussion of his tumulus at Rhoetum - Catullus 65, cries over his brother buried at Rhoetum.

B6 Sibyl pubishing Aen for crying

nox ruit, Aenea; nos flendo ducimus horas.

What does Aeneas emphasise he was to Dido regarding leaving Troy

Invitus

Who does Dido recall from Odysseus 11

Ajax - silence, argument etc. comparison of Odysseus to the trickster Odysseus unsettling

No Peace at end of B6

bella horrida bella

Alius Achilles

Parcere subiectis et debellare superbos

B7 JOKE

Heus, etiam mensas consumimus

B7 Faunus prophecy - ambiguity

Qui sanguine nostrum/ nomen in astra ferant

B7 Similes of Allecto’s interference

Amata - spnning top (vehicle of intertext - Il 14 similarity to Telamonian Ajax striking Hector, Bacchic revelry, Call Epigram 1 uses the simile of the spinning top to endorse originality)

Turnus - boiling water

What is important about the catalogue in Book 7

dignifying geographical variety of Italy (cf. Warde Fowler 1930) - Social War 91-88

swap out place names? patriotic pride

Mezentius at start and Camilla/Turnus at end = framing

MARS 601-4 acrostic

What does Venus' seducing Vulcan for Aeneas’ shield in Book 8 recall

Il 18 - Thetis and Hephaestus

How does the shield contrast the digressive structure of the Aeneid

Suggests Ennius - Pugnataque in ordine bella

Aeneas passivity with the shield

rerumque ignarus

Aeneas shouldering the future

attollens umero famamque et fata nepotum

B9 T killing poet

arma virumque … canebat

What does Aeneas’ response to Pallas’ baldric suggest about ecphrases

Pallas’ baldric directly impacts narrative - Aeneas responds not as a detached vehicle of roman futurity B8 but personally implicated artistic viewer of B1 - regressive?

WHat arma virumque becomes in B12

saevus in armis/ Aeneas

Two important instances of condere B1 and B12

tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem

ferrum … sub pectore condere 

B12 Juno hating trojans

occidit occideritque sinos cum nomine Troia.

B12 descrs of Aen’s weaponry

tormentum

fulmine 

turbinis

What is Turnus’ weapon against Aeneas

lifting and throwing a boulder - antiquated. suggests strength.

B12 Turnus dying - opening descr trojans

solvuntur frigore membra

What does Turnus plead with Aeneas for

to think of his father and deliver his body back etc - suppliant. devotio? NO

Juturna grief for Turnus

cur mortis adempta est condicio

Willcock - how does Virgil play with notions of foreignness

1983 - Reader typically assumes latin sounding names belong to italian fighters and greek or eastern names to trojans.

Aeneas’ aristeia B12 - he kills Talon and Tanais - names distinctly Greek or eastern, complicating Willcock’s idea - Trojan and italian intermarriage

How is there an emphasis on civil war at the end

Aeneas and Lausus as doubles - pietas to father. BUT Aeneas ends epic disobeing father - parcere subiectis.

Aen addresses Lausus as miserande puer - roman marcellus. Aeneas killing Lausus = Turnus killing Pallas.

indistiguishability of Turnus and Aeneas

climactic double aristeia in B12 - hic/ille indistinguishably

INteretsing fact about V closure

1428 Maffio Vegio wrote B13 for Aeneid including Turnus’ funeral, marriage between Aeneas and Lavinis and deification of Aenea 

Stover - cost of victory

2011 - ‘to achieve victory is to expeirence tragic loss’

Powerless gods

Hercules inability to save Pallas = lacrimas … inanis 10

Il 16 Sarpedon dead, Z tears of blood