A&P LAB cell body

Substage light

Located in the base and sends light upward through the stage. Can be controlled by a knob usually located on the base

Stage

Platform on which slide rest. It has a hole in which light will pass through the specimen being viewed.

Mechanical stage

Holds slide in position while viewing.

Condeser

A nonmagnifying lens that helps concentrate light on specimens. Contains an iris diaphragm (with lever) to control the amount of light that passes through the condenser.

Coarse focus knob

Used for initial and large adjustment of the stage height for you to begin focusing on your specimen.

Fine focus knob

Used for precise and very small adjustments of stage height once initial focus with Coarse adjustment knob is complete

Arm

Vertical portion of microscope

Nosepiece

Structure that rotates the four objective lenses to ensure their proper position

Objective lenses

magnifies the specimen;
scanning power (4X), low powers (10x), high
power (40x), oil immersion (100x)

Occular lenses

eyepieces; allow the eyes to
view the specime; have a magnification of 10x

Plasma membrane

Outer boundary of cell says what goes in and out of cell

Nucleus

control center of cell

Nucleolus

assembly site for ribosomes

Ribiosome

site of protein synthesis

Rough endoplasmic reticulm

has the ribosomes attached to it helps synthesis protein and transport them

Smooth endoplasmic reticulm

Manufactures lipids and carbohydrates;
detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium

Golgi apparatus

Modifies packages and distrubutes proteins and lipids

Lysosomes

used to digest and break down worn out cell

Peroxisome

serve as 1 site of lipid and amino acid degradation; breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Proteasome

break down proteins

Mitochondrion

major site of ATP synthesis

Centrole

serves as the center for microtuble formation, determines cell polarity during cell division

Cilla

move materials over the surface of cell

Flagellum

helps with movement

Microvilli

increase the surface area

Cytoskeleton

“cell skeleton” the framework of the cell

Solute

the substance that is dissolved in the solution

Solvent

the liquid on which the solute is dissolved

Concentration gradient

the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as you move from 1 region to another

Osmotic pressure

a measure of the tendenry of a solvent to move into a more concentrated solution

Isotonic

a solution with a concentration of solute that is equal on both sides of the semipermeonal membrane

Hypertonic

a solution where the solute concentration is higher on the outside of the cell

Hyportonic

a solution where the solute concentration is higher on the inside of the cell

Crenation

the shrinking of red blood cells as a result of water loss through osmosis

Lysis

the bursting of cells as a result of water gain through osmosis

What are the stages of Mitosis

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Interphase

Longer period when DNA and
centrioles duplicate and cell grows and carries
out its usual activities

Most cells go through…

interphase

Stage 1 Prophase

Chromatin coil and shorten to form chromosome

Centrioles seperate and start to move

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down and dissappear

Stage 2 Metaphase

chromosomes allign along the metaphase

Stage 3 Anaphase

centromes between chromosomes split and chromatids seperate from one another and move towards opposite ends of the cell

Stage 4 telophase

Chromosomes uncoil and resume chromatin form
Spindle breaks down
Nuclear envelope forms around each
chromatin mass and nucleoli appear

Stage 5 cytokinesis

Division of cytoplasm
Begins in late anaphase and continues beyond
telophase
Cleavage furrow forms and pinches
cytoplasmic mass into 2 parts