P4.2.2 Electric current

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Last updated 11:17 PM on 8/1/26
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6 Terms

1
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What is current?

  • Current (I) is a measure of the flow of charge

    • Measured with ammeters

    • Measured in Amperes (A)

2
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What is the difference between conventional current and electron flow?

  • Conventional current: always from positive to negative

  • Electron flow: always from negative to positive

<ul><li><p>Conventional current: always from positive to negative</p></li><li><p>Electron flow: always from negative to positive</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Describe the use of ammeters (analogue and digital) and which is more reliable

  • Digital vs Analogue

    • Digital is more accurate than analogue ammeters because:

      • Reduce reading errors

      • No parallax errors

      • Reading speed increased

  • Connected in series with the lamp

4
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How do you calculate current?

  • How many coulombs pass a point per second

  • More charge per second = higher current

  • Or: I= V/R

<ul><li><p>How many coulombs pass a point per second</p></li><li><p>More charge per second = higher current</p></li><li><p>Or: I= V/R</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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State the difference between A.C. and D.C.

  • Alternating current:

    • Moving charge continuously changes direction (do not have positive and negative terminal)

  • Direct current:

    • Moving charge flows in 1 direction only (from negative to positive terminal)

<ul><li><p>Alternating current:</p><ul><li><p>Moving charge continuously changes direction (do not have positive and negative terminal)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Direct current:</p><ul><li><p>Moving charge flows in 1 direction only (from negative to positive terminal)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Describe electric current in metals

  • Metals are a structured lattice of positive, metal ions

  • These metal ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons (electrons which are free to move)

  • Since these delocalised electrons can move, they are free to carry charge and therefore conduct electricity

<ul><li><p>Metals are a structured lattice of positive, metal ions</p></li><li><p>These metal ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons (electrons which are free to move)</p></li><li><p>Since these delocalised electrons can move, they are free to carry charge and therefore conduct electricity</p></li></ul><p></p>