Electric Circuits: Key Concepts and Questions
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15 Terms
How does a material become charged?
A material becomes negatively charged by gaining electrons and becomes positively charged by losing electrons.
What will two objects carrying the same type of charge do if they are brought close to each other?
They will repel each other.
What is an electric field?
A region of space around a charged object in which another charged object will experience an electrostatic force.
What happens to the strength of an electric field as you get further from the charged object?
It decreases.
What is electric current?
The rate of flow of charge.
What units are charge, current, and time measured in?
Coulombs (C), amperes (A), seconds (s) respectively.
What must there be in a closed circuit so that electrical charge can flow?
A source of potential difference (p.d.).
Which two factors does current depend on and what are their units?
Current depends on resistance in ohms (Ω) and potential difference in volts (V).
What happens to the current if the resistance is increased but the p.d. stays the same?
Current decreases.
What is an ohmic conductor?
A conductor where current is directly proportional to the voltage so resistance is constant (at constant temperature).
What happens to the resistance of a filament lamp as its temperature increases?
Resistance increases.
What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as its temperature increases?
Resistance decreases.
What happens to the resistance of a light-dependent resistor when light intensity increases?
Resistance decreases.
What are the main features of a series circuit?
Same current through each component, total p.d. of power supply is shared between components, total resistance of all components is the sum of the resistance of each component.
What are the main features of a parallel circuit?
p.d. across each branch is the same, total current through circuit is the sum of the currents in each branch - total resistance of all resistors is less than the resistance of the smallest individual resistor.