chapter 10 - tooth restorations

Carious lesion

Decay area

Esthetic

Pertaining to beauty

Isolation

Seperate or detach from others

Barrier

An obstacle or impediment

Ligature

Banding or tying off

Invert

Turn inward or reverse

Stabilize

Condition of fixing, steadying, or firming

Protocol

Steps or method to follow

Debridement

REmoval of damaged tissue

Instrumentation

Use of instruments

Axial

Pertaining to the long line

Line angle

Junction of two tooth surfaces, such as mesial and incisal surfaces

Point angle

Meeting of three surfaces of a tooth, such as mesial, distal, and occlusal

Outline form

Tooth cuts used to prepare the size, sape, and placement of restoration

Convenience form

The cut of tooth material necessary for access to complete the cavity preparation

Retention form

Undercut of the walls to provide a mechanical hold of the restorative material

Resistance form

Preparation cuts to ensure that the restored natural tooth can withstand trauma and pressure use of the tooth

Refine

Finish again

Matrix

Mold or shaping

Tofflemire matrix

A retainer device and assorted stainless steel bands to fit and be tightened around the tooth

Embrasure

Opening

AutoMatrix

Presized, cone-shaped circle bands with locking ends that are tightened and locked afer being placed on the tooth; visibility may be better because no retainer is necessary to hold the band

T-strips

Stainless steel strips that are shaped like a T; the strip is circled with the T ends flapped over to retain the shape and hold the band on the tooth; wedges are also used to provide embrasure space and stabilization, T strips are commonly used in pediatric dentistry

Ivory retainer/sectional matrix

these systems are used mostly on posterior teeth. The strip does not circle the tooth but only replaces a wall. The retainer holds a stainless steel strip that is palced between the prep and the contact wall of the adjacent tooth. The strip is tightened, and a wedge is used for space and to assist with retention

V3 System or spring clamp matrices

The artificial wall band is set into a special forceps, carried into the mouth, placed around the preparation, and released to grasp and hold the matrix against the prep; wedges are placed in the embrasure for support, stabilization, and to maintain cervix space

Mylar

Celluloid

Mylar matrix strips and crown forms

Used with anterior or tooth-shaded materials; the strips are placed around the tooth restoration and held in place by a clip or finger pressure until the restoration is set or light cured; crown forms are filled with restorative material and placed on the preparation until the material has set

Varnish

Copal or resin gum in a suspension of organic solvents. Used to cover the cut edges of tooth surfaces and seal against leakage under all restorations except composites and resins. Universal ones do not contain the organic solvents may be used under all restorations

Liner

Thin coating that provides a barrier against chemical irritation. Usually, a varnish material or a liquid suspension of calcium hydroxide or glass inonmer cement

Inonmer

A restorative material that may be used to restore teeth, fill pits and fissures, lute and line cavities

Acid etchant

Phosphoric acid solution used to prepare the cavity margins to provide retention for the bonding and restorative materials

Etching

Makes the enamal surface more porous, creating enamel tags, and removes the smear layer of bacterial and tooth debris matter

Bonding agent

Material used to unite some restorative agents to the tooth surface and underlying materials; may be self-curing liquids or light-cured

Base

Barrier against chemical irritation. Provides thermal isolation, resist condensation forces, and are able to be contoured and shaped.

Cement

A thicker material that can be used as a temporary or permanent resorative material; for example, glass inonmer may serve as this or a restoration material; self-cured or light cured. This also may be used to retain pins or posts in a deep preparation

Retention pin

Metallic pin that is cemented into a drilled hole in the tooth prep. The exposed end of the pin will be incorporated into the restorative material

Core post

Titanium/stainless steel posts of various sized that are cemented into the pulpal canal of an endodonticly treated tooth. A buildup of restorative material is placed over the extending post end. All pin placements are drilled and cemented into place before applying a matrix

Insulation

To set apart; prevents transfer of heat, stress force, and galvanic shcok

Galvanic

Electrical charge from cehmical reaction of two dissimilar metal meeting through biting forces

Palliative

Relieves or alleviate pain; sooth, encourages growth or repairative dentin, also called tertiary dentin

Tertiary

Later stage

Protective

Shielding; preparation seal or temporary restoration between treatment visits

Luting

Holding together; retaining items in union; usually a temporary measure between treatments; may be permanent or intermediate up to a year

Cementation

Bonding or uniting of two or more items; used to permanently unite or restore shape and purpose; also may be used to cement retention pins into the preparation

Laminated

Thin plate or layer; materials applied in thin layers to the tooth surface; may be cemented or light activated for permanency

Manipulation

Skillful operation or handling and use; preparation and handling during use; each material requires a different method

Homogeneous

Same or alike in development; describes a uniform mixture; some materials, such as cements, have to be blended

Tituration

Pulverize; the mechanical blending and mixing of the mercury and alloy materials, also called amalgamation

Amalgamation

The chemical act of blending the alloy and mercury mix for an amalgam restoration

Amalgamator

A small machine that mixes dental amalgam and other dental materials

Mulling

The further act of blending the amalgram material while it is in plastic form; performed in the amalgamator with the pestle removed from the mixing capsule

Pestle

Tool for mashing or grinding substances in a hard bowl or mortar

Dissipate

To scatter or spread out; over a large area; some materials must be mixed over a large area to allow escape from the exothermic reaciton that is produced by the chemical union of the ingredients

Exothermic

Give off heat

Polymerization

Change of compound elements into another shape; transforming material from a plastic (movable) shape to a hard substance through a curing process either automatically or using a light-source material

Bonding

Uniting through microscopic cementation; using acid materials called etchants

Etchants

May be used to prepare a tooth surface for attaching to another material

Amalgam

Soft allow mass containing mercury

Spherical

In the form of a sphere

Solubility

Capability of being dissolved

Viscosity

Sticky or gummy

Adhesive

Sticky or adhering

Composite

Resin material use in dental restorations; supplied in macrofilled, microfilled, and hybrid and may be purchased in paste, syringe, or single dose capsules

Macrofilled

Large particles

Microfilled

Small particles

Hybrid

Mixed particles

Gold foil

Foil sheet of gold material that is annealed to a clean and prepared surface for condensation into the prepared restorative site

Annealed

Placed in a flame for a heat treatment to purify

Veneer

Tooth shaped layer; thin resin composite or porcelain surface shields that are cemented or bonded onto the facial surface of a tooth. Also refers to the thin surface facial covering on the porcelain crown (PV)

Increment

Increase or addition; small amounts or doses of the materials that are placed into the preparation until filled

Condensation

To make thick; the charged preparation as a result of the condensor or plugger instruments packing down the material into the preparation

Carving

Instrument shaping and cutting of condensed material to resemble original anatomical tooth surface

Burnish

To smooth or rub; to smooth the restoration surfaces toward the margins. Matrix strips may be burnished or rubbed into the proper shape. Provides a shiny surface to gold

Articulating paper

Colored strip of paper used to test results of the restored bite

Laminated

Thin plate or layer; materials applied in thin layers to the tooth surface; may be cemented or light activated for permanency

HVE (high velocity evacuation)

Fluid removal system used to maintain a clear, dry field of operation