Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement

These flashcards cover key concepts related to operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, and social observational learning as discussed in Lecture 8.

Operant conditioning involves associations formed between actions and their __.

outcomes.

Positive reinforcement is the process of __ a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

adding.

Negative reinforcement involves __ a stimulus to make a behavior more likely to occur.

removing.

Consequences that weaken behavior are referred to as __.

punishment.

Positive punishment involves __ a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

adding.

Negative punishment is defined as __ a stimulus to make a behavior less likely to occur.

removing.

Reinforcement schedules can be categorized by two dimensions: vs. interval and vs. variable.

ratio, fixed.

In a fixed ratio schedule, a reinforcer will occur after every __ responses.

X.

Intermittent reinforcement schedules can vary in being fixed or __.

variable.

Social observation allows individuals to learn through __ of others.

watching.

Bandura's experiments with the Bobo doll exemplified the concept of __ learning.

modeling.

The brain's __ neurons help us understand others' emotional and behavioral states.

mirror.