Manifest Destiny Test

Manifest Destiny

The fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. The US was destined to expand to the Pacific

Why Move? (Manifest destiny)

• Personal economic problems

• Panic of 1837

• Abundance of land in the West

• Trade with Asia

the Santa Fe Trail

780 miles - Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico

Missouri traders traveled in groups

First visible American presence in Mexico

The Black Hawk war

• Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk tribe

• Led rebellion against US

• Started in Illinois and spread to Wisconsin

Fort Laramie Treaty

Settlers who feared Native American aggression. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was an agreement between the United States and various Native American tribes, “to maintain good faith and friendship in all their mutual intercourse, and to make an effective lasting peace”. Set aside specific territories for the tribes in exchange for promises of protection and compensation.

The Oregon Trail

Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon

Many died of fever, diarrhea and cholera. Traveled in caravans in wooden wheeled covered wagons.

The Mormon Migration

Mormons, a religious community begun by Joseph Smith in Fayette, NY. Moved to Illinois in 1839 and the neighbors protested, and printed anti polygamy posters since the Mormons practiced polygamy.

Brigham Young

After the death of Joseph Smith, he decided to move beyond the US border and distributed land equally. Settled at the edge of Great Salt Lake

Resolving Territorial Disputes

• Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842

  • Agreed to live jointly in Oregon with Great Britain

• James Polk called for annexing Oregon

• Great Britain and US extend the US boundary Canada border to current US boundary

Who are Tejanos?

People of Spanish heritage living in Mexico

Terms that Stephen Austin must follow if he wanted to build a colony in Texas

Settlers were

• Moral and hardworking

• Became Roman Catholic

• become Mexican citizens

• Learn Spanish

Who were the old 300

The first settlers brought to Texas by Stephen Austin, consisting of families who agreed to the conditions set by the Mexican government.

Mexican president says …

“If I were God I would wish to be more”

How does the Texas Revolution occur

1. Mexican soldiers come for a cannon, but American soldiers say “come and take it”

2. Santa Ana and his troops arrive in San Antonia at the Alamo

3. Houston created troops secretly and caught Santa Ana off guard

4. The Battle of San Jacinto is over in 18 mins and Santa Ana is captured

5. Texas was its own country for 10 years

Who was the father of texas

Stephen Austin

Who was the president of Texas

Sam Houston

Henry Clay

• Wrote the terms of the compromise

• Believed in popular sovereignty

• new and more effective Fugitive Salve Act

  • Sale of slaves banned in DC but slavery itself may continue there

What were the terms of the compromise of 1850

• California would be a free

• Utah and New Mexico would decide about slavery

John C. Calhoun

States’ rights over federal power

“The agitation of the subject of slavery would… end in disunion”

Sectional crisis from Abolitionists

Daniel Webster

• Endorsed Clay’s compromise

• “For the preservation of the Union… a great popular, constitutional government, guarded by legislation, by law, by judicature, and defended by the whole affections of the people”

Stephen Douglas

When the compromise was rejected, he introduced each point one at a time. It took 8 months

Fugitive Slave Act

• Designed to ensure enslaved people were returned

  • Enslaved were not entitled to trial by jury

    • Could not testify on their own behalf

• Anyone convicted of helping an alleged fugitive was subject to $1000 fine and imprisonment for 6 months

Whig Party Falls

1825 - Whig Party was split

• SOme opposed Fugitive Slave Act

  • Northern Whigs

• Some backed compromise of 1850 to appear pro slavery

Kansas - Nebraska Act ended the Whig Party

Nativism

Favoring of native born Americans over immigrants

Know Nothing Party

• originally known as American part

• secret organization

Free Soil Party

opposed the extension of slavery. made up of spoilers who didn’t necessarily oppose slavery, just extension

Republican party

Founder - Horace Greeley

Opposed the Kansas Nebraska Act

Wanted to keep slavery out of new territories

Kansas Nebraska Act

• Stephen Douglas

• Divide area into territories

  • Nebraska in North

  • Kansas in the South

• Repeal Missouri Compromise

• Supported by Franklin Pierce

Who was the democrat in the election of 1860

Douglas -- Incumbant

Who was the Republican in the election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln - Whig and previously in Congress

Issues discussed in the 7 open air debates around Illinois

• slavery

• popular sovereignty

• Dred Scott

Stephen Douglas (presidential election)

believed in popular soveirgnety.

“Freeport Doctrine”

• slavery cannot exist unless it is supported by local police regulations

Abraham Lincoln (presidential election)

thought slavery was wrong and should not spread but did not claim to be an abolitionist

1860 presidential election

Lincoln : Republican

Douglas : Northern Democrat

John C. Breckenridge: Southern Democrat

John Bell: Constitutional Union Party

Which states seceded

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas. Elected Jefferson Davis as president