Understanding Poverty and Social Stratification

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to social stratification and poverty, as discussed in the lecture.

Underclass

A social group that remains at the bottom of the economic hierarchy, often defined by poverty and lack of access to resources.

Functionalism

A sociological perspective that views all elements of society as having a role that contributes to the stability and functioning of society.

Conflict Theory

A sociological perspective that emphasizes the struggle for power between different groups in society, and how this struggle perpetuates social inequality.

Poverty Threshold

The minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country, below which individuals or families are considered to be living in poverty.

Social Mobility

The ability to move up or down the social hierarchy, often related to economic status.

Feminization of Poverty

A phenomenon where women disproportionately represent those living in poverty, often due to factors like single parenthood or lower wage occupations.

Caste System

A form of social stratification where social status is determined by birth and remains fixed throughout a person's life.

Meritocracy

A system in which individuals achieve success based on their abilities and talents rather than their social class or background.

Social Inequality

The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among individuals or groups within society.

Absolute Poverty

A condition where an individual lacks the means to meet basic needs for survival, such as food, shelter, and clothing.

Relative Poverty

A condition where an individual's income is insufficient to maintain a standard of living considered acceptable in society.

Poverty Line

The estimated minimum level of income needed to secure the necessities of life.

Child Poverty

A measure of the percentage of children living in families with income levels below the poverty threshold.

Social Security

A government program that provides monetary assistance to people with inadequate or no income, especially to the elderly and disabled.

Economic Conditions

The state of the economy in a region or country, including factors such as employment rates, income levels, and inflation.

Health Disparities

Differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare among various population groups.

Inequality of Condition

The extent to which people are provided with the same resources and starting points in society.

Inequality of Opportunity

The extent to which individuals have the same chances at success and access to opportunities regardless of their background.

Inequality of Outcome

The extent to which people end up with similar levels of income and wealth.

Social Problems

Issues that adversely affect a person's ability to achieve personal and societal goals.

Structural System

The framework of social institutions and organizations that shape societal norms and behavior.