Mutations

mutation

change in nucleotide sequence of DNA/genes; caused by mistakes in DNA replication and transcription; also caused by environmental factors

point mutations

change in a single nucleotide

silent mutation

point mutation; change does not change the protein/amino acid sequence at the end

missense mutation

point mutation; change in nucleotide results in a change in protein

nonsense mutation

point mutation; results in a stop codon; ends translation early

frameshift mutations

caused by insertion or deletion of nucleotide; changes amino acid sequence greatly