Chapter 5: Developmental Speech Disorders

Phonology

________- the language rules that govern how phonemes are combined to make words.

Articulation

________- the ability to produce sounds in sequence by moving the articulators.

Phonological disorder

________- difficulty with understanding and implementing the underlying rules for producing sounds and sequences.

Perception

________ is crucially important for acquisition of speech production skills.

Discrimination

________- sorting sounds into recognizable categories.

Etiology

________- the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.

SLPS

________ are interested in describing, assessing, and treating children with developmental speech disorders.

Phonological approaches

________- emphasize the use of speech sounds and syllable sequences.

Speech

________ is served by the perceptual processes of audition and discrimination.

Oral Peripheral Examination

________ (Oral Mech Exam)- Evaluate the structure and function of the articulators (tongue, lips, palate)

Single word

________ articulation test- produce consonants and vowels in various word positions.

Articulation System

________- oral cavity, lips- filters the speech sounds.

Motor Etiology

________- dysarthria (muscles arent working- strength, accuracy, tone), apraxia (brain isnt sending the right message)

Range of behaviors

________ used for intentional communication- gestures, sign language, use of vision in gaze, body orientation.

Articulation

________- repetitive motor practice with feedback.

Phonemes

speech sounds

Phonology

the language rules that govern how phonemes are combined to make words

Articulation

the ability to produce sounds in sequence by moving the articulators

Common in pediatric practice

articulation and phonology disorders

Articulation disorder

difficulty producing the sounds and sound sequences of their language

Phonological disorder

difficulty with understanding and implementing the underlying rules for producing sounds and sequences

Audition

hearing sounds

Discrimination

sorting sounds into recognizable categories

Speech Delay

speech production patterns that typically occur in children who are younger

Speech Disorder

produce speech that is atypical of a child of any age

-

Speech Disorder

She is producing the following phonemes in all positions of words

/p, m, h, n, w, b/

She is stimulable with the following phonemes in isolation

/k, g, d, t, f/

-

Speech Delay

Severity rated by

Intelligibility and Mild/Moderate/Severe

Spanish speaking individuals learning English as a second language

may have difficulties in sufficiently distinguishing phonemes

Deletion of final consonants (house

hou)

Initial voicing (cup

gup)

Syllable reduction (banana

nana)

Palatal fronting (chase

tase)

Velar fronting (cake

tate)

Cluster simplifications (jump

jup)

Deletion of initial consonants (cop

op)

Backing to velars (finger

ginger)

Etiology

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

Perceptual Etiology

otitis media (ear infection), sensorineural loss

Structural Etiology

cleft lip/palate

Speech Samples

Require an analysis of a spontaneous speech and language sample (play with child and record)

Problems with Speech Samples

time consuming, may be a privacy issue, may not have all the sounds

Single word articulation test

produce consonants and vowels in various word positions

The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation

single word articulation test

Oral-Peripheral Examination (Oral Mech Exam)

Evaluate the structure and function of the articulators (tongue, lips, palate)

Range of behaviors used for intentional communication

gestures, sign language, use of vision in gaze, body orientation

Goal of Treatment/Intervention

intelligible speech

Articulation

repetitive motor practice with feedback

Production in isolation

(lah, lah, lah 10 times)

Beginning, middle and end of words

(lamp/light, middle, call/ball)

Phonological approaches

emphasize the use of speech sounds and syllable sequences

Metaphonlogical

The ability to manipulate speech sounds auditorily

Seen in various settings

Early intervention (ECI) birth-3 years, public schools, medical settings, private or university clinics