HISTORY STUDYYYYY

to get AAAAAAAA

encomienda

a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

Bartolome de las Casas

vocalized opposition to forced labor and advocated for Indian rights

Hernan Cortes

Leads an expedition of 600 men to the coast of Mexico and took over the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan due to disease, starvation, and help from Aztec enemies in the region

New Spain

Central America, the Caribbean, the Philippines, and southwest United States

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered in the Incan capital of Cuzco

viceroys

nobles in the New World who ruled in the name of the king

captaincies

strips of land along the coast that were granted to nobles

Brazil

Portuguese Sugar Plantation Colony

Peninsulares

Top of the Caste system in the New World because they were born in Europe

creoles

2nd in the caste system in the New World because they were born in the colonies

Portuguese factories

forts & trading posts in Africa and Asia

triangular trade

slaves to the Americas, sugar/tobacco to Europe, European manufactured products to African coast

Ahmed Baba

Scholar that was against slavery since it was illegal for Muslims

Asante

controlled the Gold Coast with weapons and slave trade up until the early 1800's

Askia the Great

Leader of The Songhai Empire increased trade with Europe & Asia, created schools, trade routes, tax systems, and established Islam as main religion

Boers

Dutch farmers in the Cape Colony

The Asian Sea Trade Network

West/Arab Zone→ glass, carpets, textiles
Central/India→ cotton
East/China→ paper, porcelain, and silk

missionaries

people or groups trying to spread Christianity

monopoly

control of all of the trade or business

Holland's Golden Age

17th century: use of fortified towns & factories, large warships, and monopoly of products in Asia

Jesuit Francis Xavier

ministering to the low caste members (untouchables) and converted tens of thousands along the SW coast of India

Ming Dynasty

1368-1644 aimed to rid China of all traces of the Mongols. reunification of Chinese culture led to renewed agrarian & commercial growth which also increased the population of China

dynastic cycle

Rise and fall of emperors based on corruption, severe natural or man made problems and a regrowth attributed to the mandate of heaven

Kangxi

Confucian scholar and became the leader (and longest ruling Chinese emperor) of the new Qing Dynasty who improves waterways and increased trade w/ Europe, but ends religious toleration of Catholicism

Tokugawa Ieyasu

increased control over local daimyos by forcing them to pledge allegiance and spend half of the year in Edo and banned Christianity as well as isolating Japan

isolation

limiting outside influence in trade or culture

bushido code

way of the warrior. Seven Virtues→ loyalty, honor, respect, etc...

Seppuku

ritual suicide (die with honor instead of hands of enemies or if they broke Bushido)

Shogun

Actual ruler of Japan under Feudalism

Daimyo

wealthy landowners in Japan

Suleiman the Magnificent

political and religious leader who modernized the military & judicial system, doubled the size of the empire, and oversaw the "golden age" of Ottoman art, literature, and architecture

janissaries

Ottoman infantry divisions made up of forced military conscription and conversion to Islam

Abbas the Great

extended the Safavid empire land, granted religious toleration, incorporated Western technology, and extended the Safavid trade network to Asia & Europe

Akbar the Grea

Ruler of the Mughal empire who made improvements in military and centralized government as well as attempted religious cooperation with Hindu princes

sati

burning of high-caste Hindu women at the funeral of their husband

Taj Mahal

originally a tomb for Shah Jahan's wife