Studied by 8 people
Lever
A rigid bar that turns about an axis to create movement.
First class lever
A lever with the fulcrum located midway between the effort and the load.
Second class lever
A lever with the load located between the fulcrum and the effort.
Third class lever
A lever with the effort located between the fulcrum and the load.
Fulcrum
The point at which a lever turns or is supported (also known as the axis).
Load
The weight or resistance that the lever must move.
Effort
The force required to move the load (generated by muscles).
Mechanical advantage
The ratio of the load arm to the effort arm in a lever.
Load arm
The distance from the load to the fulcrum in a lever.
Effort arm
The distance from the effort to the fulcrum in a lever.
Flexion
The decrease in angle of the bones at a joint.
Extension
The increase in angle of the bones at a joint.
Abduction
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
Adduction
The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body.
Circumduction
The combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Dorsiflexion
The upward flexion of the foot at the ankle joint.
Plantar flexion
The downward flexion of the foot at the ankle joint.
Rotation
The circular movement where part of the body turns while the rest remains still.
Planes
Imaginary lines that divide the body into different halves for movement.
Frontal plane
Divides the body into front and back sections.
Transverse plane
Divides the body into top and bottom sections.
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into left and right sections.
Axes
Imaginary straight lines around which the body rotates.
Sagittal axis
Runs horizontally through the body from front to back, allowing adduction and abduction.
Longitudinal axis
Runs vertically through the body from head to toe, enabling rotation in an upright position.
Transverse axis
Runs horizontally through the body from left to right at the hips, facilitating flexion and extension.
Note 
Flashcard (22)