med term study guide

suffix related to pathology

\-algia

what test measures for erythrocytes in the blood?

red blood cell count

a wound with a jagged ege?

laceration

what word part usually indicates a body part?

word root

which of the following terms describes general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease?

malaise

TRUE/FALSE

A combining form usually is a consonant, such as the letter s. When two word roots are linked, the combining form is usually added to the 2nd root

Both statements are false

Which of the following word parts usually indicates a procedure, condition, disorder or disease?

suffix

A patient is diagnosed with a benign tumor in a gland. Which term describes this condition?

adenoma

Which of the following suffixes can be used to describe a disease or pathology?

\-pathy

suffix meaning pain

\-algia

define arteriosclerosis

abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

what term describes the narrowing of an artery?

arterial stenosis

define cyanosis

bluish coloration of the skin, usually caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood

Use of abbreviations?

when in doubt, spell it out

When in doubt regarding abbreviations, it is best to spell out the term

define dermatologist

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

Which of the following terms describes an exam technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel certain body parts for texture, size, location, and consistency?

Palpation NOT palpitation

Which of the following terms describes an elevated body temperature?

Hyperthermia

what prefixes define sides (left/right)?

dextro / sinistro

The abdominal region located near the left and right hips is called?

iliac or inguinal regions

what prefix means “away from”

ab-

define the anatomical position

Standard anatomical position is that of a human standing, looking forward, feet together and pointing forward, with none of the long bones crossed from the viewer's perspective

what term describes a plane that divides the body into a superior portion and an inferior portion?

transverse

what term refers to closer to the root of the limb or closer to the trunk of the body?

proximal

define homeostasis

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

what is an example of a dorsal body cavity?

spinal / cranial

what term describes a body direction and is opposite of cephalic?

Caudal

describe the anatomical position

The body standing erect and facing forward

what is the prone position?

lying face down

Lack of blood flow to the vasculature may lead to which of the following secondary to hypoxia?

Cyanosis

what is a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell?

chromosome

where is red bone marrow found?

in compact bone

loss of mobility of a joint?

ankylosis

Which of the following skeletal system specialists focus on the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis?

rheumatologist

An area of bone that becomes necrotic due to diminished blood flow refers to which of the following terms?

avascular necrosis

what describes a total joint replacement?

arthroplasty

true/false

Ankylosed joints allow for slight movement in adults

false

Post menopausal women are prone to what condition?

osteoporosis

what is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

it allows the body to move

what is the knee cap

patella

how many bones are in the hand

14 bones are found in the fingers of each hand and in the toes of each foot

Each finger has 3 phalanges (distal, middle, proximal); the thumb only has 2.

function of the skeletal system

proide support and shape to the body

function of the muscular system

holds the body erect

What region sits near the left and right hip bones?

The ischium forms the lower and back part of the hip bone and is located below the ilium and behind the pubis. The ischium is the strongest of the three regions that form the hip bone. It is divisible into three portions: the body, the superior ramus, and the inferior ramus.

what terms means relating to the hips?

iliac

Muscles that move without constant control?

involuntary, smooth, visceral

what term describes the loss of muscle mass?

atrophy

inflammation of a tendon

tendonitis

muscle camping is aka?

spasm

what is paraplegia?

paralysis of both lower extremities

partial paralysis of a muscle is known as?

myoparesis

a muscle disorder defined as the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, that is related to aging

sarcopenia

tightening or shortening of tendons, fasia, or ligaments around a joint that prevents range of motion?

contracture

how does a muscle recieve its name?

muscles are named for their location

what term signifies motion of a limb away from a joint?

abduction

A chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body is called?

Chronic myofascial pain (CMP), also called myofascial pain syndrome

smooth muscle is aka?

visceral, deep, involuntary muscle

A band of connective tissue that envelopes, separates or binds together muscles or groups of muscles?

fascia

what tendon connects the calf muscle to the heel?

achilles

what term refers to the pathology of the heart?

cariomyopathy

A person with a low platelet count has which of the following disorders?

Thrombocytopenia

slowed heart rate is aka?

bradycardia

A condition in which there is insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues caused by restricted blood flow to a part of the body?

Ischemia

red blood cells are known as?

erythrocytes

natural pacemaker of the heart / structure located in the right atrium?

sinoatrial node (sa node)

what term means within an artery?

endarterial

Which structure carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins

what are pulmonary arteries?

carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the lungs, blood passes through capillaries and become oxugenated

what are pulmonary veins?

veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

what is pulmonary circulation?

part of the circulatory system that carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle, to the lungs;

returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart

what is systemic circulation?

provides functional blood supply to all body tissue; carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body

what is the mitral valve

located between the upper left atrium and lower left ventricle, works to keep blood moving in the right direction

what is a vein

blood vessels located throughout the body that collect deoxygenated blood and return it to the heart

a prefix is the….

beginning part

a suffix is the….

end part

what is an anatomical cavity or passage;

a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles

atria

innermost layer of the cardiac wall

endocardium

Atrium

One of the two upper chambers of the heart

Blood vessels which carry blood to various parts of the body. Arteries carry oxygenated blood.

Artery

Aorta

Largest artery in the body. It carries blood from the heart’s left ventricle and distributes it throughout the body.

what is arrythmia

irregular heart rhythm

what is arteriosclerosis

when the walls of the arteries thicken and loose elasticity, decreasing blood flow / hardening of the arteries

what is cardiac arrest

when the heart stops beating and the circulation of blood stops

how is a cardiac catheterization done?

by putting a long, narrow tube into a blood vessel and guiding it into the heart to measure blood flow and to determine the position/size of structural defects

what are coronary arteries?

arteries coming from the base of the aorta that carry blood to the heart muscle

define aneurysm

Bulging of the wall of a vein, artery, or heart due to weakening by disease, injury, or birth defect

what is diabetes mellitus

high levels of glucose in the blood caused by a failure of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or by ineffective use of insulin in the body

what are diuretics

Medicines that increase the flow of urine; often used to treat conditions involving excess body fluid, such as hypertension and congestive heart failure

what is coronary artery disease?

narrowing/blockage of coronary arteries; usually caused by athersclerosis

the blocking of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other substance carried in the bloodstream

embolism

what is a myocardial infarction

a heart attack

vascular means..

pertaining to the blood vessels

what is a vein

one of the blood vessels which returns blood from various parts of the body to the heart; usually carries deoxygenated blood

what is a ventricle?

one of the two main pumping chambers of the heart

left ventricle = blood to the body

right ventricle = blood to the lungs

nasopharyngeal tonsils are aka?

adenoids

interstitial fluid functions to?

deliver nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to the cells and also removes waste products from the cells

define metastasis

a tumor that has spread beyond site of origin

a malignant tumor that has not spread beyond its site of origin into surrounding tissues is known as?

carcinoma in situ

an immune system reaction that happens after eating a certain food is known as?

anaphylaxis

define antineoplastic

a chemotherapeutic agent that uses natural/synthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer

what are the adenoids?

tonsils (known as nasopharyngeal tonsils) that play an important role in preventing pathogens from entering the respiratory system