chapter 16 psychology therapy

examples and some terms, but most terms will be on revel

accurate empathy

therapist is showing to patient that he/she knows where the patient is coming from.

active listening

echoing, restating and seek clarification of clients statement.

all or nothing thinking

thinking black or white

anti anxiety medications

this medicine reduces physiological symptoms, like tension and nervousness. work by enhancing effectives of GABA (xanax, tranquilizer,benzodiazepines)

antidepressants

medication that regulates mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. affects serotonin and norepinephrine ( Prozac)

antipsychotic drugs

treats hallucinations, paranoia, and delusions. work by blocking dopamine receptors (Haldol)

atypical antidepressants 

affects serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine. examples of medicine are Wellburtin and Cymbalta. but can cause dry mouth, dizziness, appetite changes.

atypical antipsychotics

medicines are clorzaril and risperdal, and reduce positive and negative symptoms of psychosis. side effects are dizziness, weight gain, constipation. 

automatic thoughts

negative views about the world —>negative views about the self —> negative views about the future and continuous cycle. thoughts that the automatically negatively which can lead to depression

aversive conditioning

putting nail polish on nails to stop biting nails. goal is to associate that problematic behavior with something aversive.

behavior therapy 

focuses on thoughts (what we THINK affects how we act and feel), feelings (when we FEEL affects what we think and do), and behaviors (what we DO affects how we think and feel)

bilateral anterior capsulotomy

surgery for people with severe OCD, and disconnects the circuitry in the orbitofrontal cortex. 

biomedical therapies

surgeries that can be electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), deep brain simulation, and psychosurgery.

client centered therapy/person centered therapy

developed by Carl Rogers, where clients lead session and therapist is the guide.

cognitive restructuring 

therapist teach clients to…

1) identify their automatic thoughts

2) evaluate or test the accuracy of their thoughts

3) replace their negative automatic thoughts with more realistic thoughts. 

cognitive therapy

ex: people that are depressed have depressive, negative thoughts. or people who are anxious have fearful and panic laced beliefs. so this therapy attempts to replace them with cognitive patterns or change what you’re thinking about or help people recognize their thoughts and beliefs may not always be accurate. 

contingency management

each day the goal is met, 30 minutes of leisure time will be earned. but if not met then 30 minutes of extra chores will be completed. 

couples therapy

5 goals are, to change how relationships are viewed, decrease dysfunctional behaviors in the relationship, reduce emotional avoidance, improving communications, and emphasizing strengths 

deep brain stimulation 

going into the brain with a thin wire electrode, that stimulates neurons. and treat OCD. this disrupts obsessions and compulsions.

dream analysis

when therapist analyze clients dreams.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

giving electric shock while person is sedated to treat depression. NOW, doctors use muscle relaxants and other drugs to block nerve and muscle activity with little pain. this is used to treat severe depression.

empathy

therapist understand patients point of view

evidence based practice 

3 things that play a part in this…

1) clinical expertise, 2) best research evidence (placebo, spontaneous, randomized control group, and 3) patient values and preferences 

exposure therapy

ex: me jumping off cliffs at the lake, scary at first climbing up cliff, but kept doing it till it became fun.

family therapy

group therapy that focuses on the unique interactions of the family unit. this is effective for substance abusers and adolescents with anoreixa nervosa 

fear hierarchy

part of exposure therapy, series of steps that start at the bottom with least anxiety provoking situations and at the top is the most anxiety provoking situation.

flooding 

ex: someone scared of heights could spend several hours on a balcony. (top step of hierarchy)

free association

clients can lay down alone, and therapist encourages client to relax and report image or idea that enters conscious awareness.

genuineness

being honest, integrity, and sincere. 

group therapy

one or more therapist that treat as small number of people in group setting. people who find go to this therapy can be comforting and helpful. 

humanistic approach 

goal is to create right environment by using…

genuineness, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy. 

inpatient treatment

ex: withdrawal from certain substances can be medically dangerous so it requires a period of detoxification under closely monitored conditions in hospital. 

interpersonal psychotherapy

latent content

lobotomies 

manifest content

mental filter

focuses only on negative and filters out positives.

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO)

mood stabilizing medications 

outpatient

overgeneralization

part of cognitive distortions. r

partial hospitalization

psychodynamic therapy 

type of psychotherapy.

psychopharmacology

psychotherapy 

randomized controlled trial

residential treatment

resistance

safety 

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)

spontaneous remission

support groups

systematic desensitization

therapeutic alliance

transference

transferring behavior from a loved one or close one to the therapist

tricyclics

typical antipsychotics 

unconditional positive regard

virtual reality exposure

exposure to fears through technology