Microscope anatomy

fine focus

coarse focus

revolving nosepiece

eyepiece

base

stage

objective

magnification

arm

light source

* bottom up - upright
* top down - inverted
* tungsten halogen lamp
* white light

condenser

shines light through sample at right amount of light to be accepted by objective

small cone of light

moves up and down

can open and close to allow specific amount of light through

field diaphragm

collect light and send appropriate amount to condenser

usually fixed if cheap microscope

can adjust if fancier

upright microscope

for samples on slides/coverslip

inverted microscope

large height specimen

objective at bottoms and light at top

for samples with weird heights

cells at bottom of dish

research grade microscope

can do extra things

attach accessories

Company

olympus, nippon

objective specifications

magnification

numerical aperature

resolution ability

he numerical aperture of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light

flat field correction

makes image flat

everything in focus

specialized optical properties

what types on microscopy u can do

DIC, phase, etc

Apo

color correction

highest degree of color correction

color abberation correction

\
plan apo greatest correction

most colors

x,y,z

immersion medium

oil, water, glycerin

tube length

infinity - light goes hrough parallel without affecting cross-over point

160 - focal plan is fixed distance to eyes

coverslip thickness

working distance

range before running into sample

limited distance you can focus because very close

distance between objective and sample

spring loaded

can retract slightly if accidenetally run into slide

color band

black - use oil for immersion medium

white - water immersion field

some can switch between the two

abberation chromatic

light refracted when passes through something with different refractive index

blue refracted the most

dispersion

astigmation

light is being focused at different parts in eyes and in retina → unfocused

correct streaks → point

may show microscope not aligned

comatic abberation

bright point with tail

spot with tail corrected to spot

might show microscope not aligned

non coherent light source

tungsten lamp

gives of light in visible and IR ( can heat up sample)

current heaats up filament → gives off light

diffraction grating

tiny ruler where lines are close enough together it diffracts light

makes through grating → constructive → light

hit grating → destructive → dark

small opening diffracts light around opening

airy disk

measure numerical aperature (NA)

smaller disk better NA