LAB Anatomy & Physiology 1

August 18, 2026 Basics of Anatomy and Physiology 1

What is the study of the structure of body parts ?

anatomy

What is the study of the function of the body parts ?

Physiology

Describe the Anatomical Position.

Body standing, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward

Give me ALL TEN main regional terms of the body.

Cephalic (head), Cervical (Neck), Thoracic (Chest), Abdominal (Stomach), Pelvic (pelvis), Pubic (genital), Pedal (foot), Lower Limb (legs), Manus (hand), Upper limb (Arms & shoulders).

What are directional terms?

Terms used to describe one body structure in relation to another

Superior

Above

Inferior

below

anterior

toward the front of the body

posterior

toward the back of the body

ventral

belly side

dorsal

back side

proximal

near the trunk of attached end or closer to the original of a body part

distal

farther from the trunk or attached end or farther from the origin of a body part.

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

superficial/external

toward or at the body surface

deep/internal

away from the body surface

What are the two major body divisions?

Axial division and appendicular division

Divides the body into left and right parts.

sagittal plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

frontal plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

transverse plane

What are the two main body cavities?

Dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity

What body cavity contains the cranial cavity?

dorsal

What does the ventral cavity?

thoracic and abdominopelvic

What are pleural cavities?

Cavities that surround the lungs.

What is the pericardial cavity?

The cavity that surrounds the heart.

The cavity that surrounds the upper central region of the chest that contains the major airways, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic structures.

superior mediastinum

What is the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite changes in the environment?

homeostasis

Protects from the external environment and helps regulate temperature?

Integumentary system

Filters blood to remove waste products and excess water?

urinary system

Exchanges gases by bringing oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide?

respiratory system

Produces gametes and sex hormones?

male reproductives and female reproductive systems

Defends the body against pathogens?

lymphatic system

Regulates metabolic processes through hormones?

endocrine system

Provides structural support and protects organs?

skeletal system

Enables movement and generates heat?

muscular system

Acts as the body’s communication network to help control body cavities?

nervous system

Pumps blood throughout the body to deliver nutrients and remove wastes?

cardiovascular system

Breaks down food into nutrients for absorption or elimination?

digestive system

What is the ratio of objects image size to its real image?

magnification

Measure of clarity of image or minimum distance of two distinguishable points.

Resolution

What’s the visible difference in brightness between parts of the sample?

contrast