Cell Cycle and Mitosis Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the cell cycle, interphase, mitosis, and cancer regulation as discussed in lecture.

What are the three stages of interphase?

G1 (Gap 1), Synthesis (S), G2 (Gap 2)

What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?

Accumulation of DNA building blocks and energy reserves for S phase.

What significant process occurs during the S phase?

DNA replication and centrosome duplication.

What is the main purpose of the G2 phase of interphase?

Preparation for mitosis, including energy replenishment and protein synthesis.

What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase and the Mitotic Phase.

What is the end result of cytokinesis in the mitotic phase?

Two identical daughter cells.

What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?

They prevent uncontrolled growth by slowing down or stopping the cell cycle.

How do proto-oncogenes contribute to cancer?

When mutated, they become oncogenes that lead to uncontrolled cell division.

What is the role of the p53 gene in the cell cycle?

It arrests the cell cycle for DNA repair; if repair fails, it triggers cell death.

What triggers the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Correct cell size, adequate reserves, and no DNA damage.

What is facilitated diffusion?

A process that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins.

What defines active transport?

The movement of substances against their gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

What does the mitotic phase include?

Mitosis and cytokinesis.

What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

The nuclear envelope breaks down, centrosomes move to opposite poles, and chromatids condense.

What happens during anaphase?

Sister chromatids separate at the centromere and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.