MCQ Units 5.1-5.5

14th Amendment

granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S.

15th Amendment

granted african american men the right to vote

17th Amendment

senators would be chosen by the california legislature

19th Amendment

granted women the right to vote

24th Amendment

eliminated poll taxes

26th Amendment

lowered the voting age to 18

Rational Choice Voting

voted based on that they think to be in their best interest

Retrospective Voting

vote based on how they performed in the past

Prospective Voting

vote based on what they predict the candidate will perform like in office

Straight-Ticket Voting

vote based on which party the candidate is in

Structural Barriers to Voting

refers to the way our voting system is structured that makes it difficult for particular groups to vote

Political Efficacy

your belief that participation in the political process can actually impact anything

Voter Turnout

low in the U.S. due to us having too many elections

Linkage Institution

is any institution that connects voters with the political process; there are 4 linkage institutions

Political Parties

parties educate voters, mobilize voters to vote, recruit candidates for office, manage campaigns, fundraise, disseminate information about candidates, and help manage the committee and party leadership structure in congress

Media

keeps us informed about politics, also letting politicians know what we think

Interest Groups

serves as one of the primary ways that citizens organize and pressure legislators

Elections

connects us with the political process; also serves to let politicians know what we think

Candidate-Centered Campaigns

where individual candidates have become more important than party affiliations

Critical Elections

where groups have changed how they tend to vote

Winner-Take-All

if one group or person has the most votes, then they win