Ancient Egyptian - Early Christian

Name, Place, Author, Time

The Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt,

by Imhotep, 2667-2648 BC

Name, Place, Author, Time

Great Pyramid of Giza, Giza, Egypt, by Hemiunu,

c.2589-2566 BC

Name, Place, Author, Time

Hypostyle Hall of the Karnak Temple

Complex, Luxor, Egypt, unknown

architect, c.1294-1213 BC

Name, Place, Author, Time

Great Temple of Abu Simbel, Egypt, unknown

architect, c.1264 BC

Name, Place, Author, Time

Entrance of the Luxor Temple complex,

unknown architect, 1279-1212 BC

Name, Place, Author, Time

Temple of Philae, unknown architect, 380 BC-117

Mesopotamian Architecture

(21st century BC - 6th century BC)

Name, Place, Author, Time

Ziggurat of Ur, Tell el-Muqayyar, Dhi Qar Province,

Iraq, unknown architect, 21st century BC

Asked on a test

Name, Place, Author, Time

Reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate,

Pergamon Museum, Berlin,

Germany, unknown architect,

c.605-539 BC (was part of walls on babylon)

About Mesopotamia

- Most noted for its construction of mud-brick buildings and the construction of ziggurats, occupying a prominent place in each city and consisting of an artificial mound, often rising in huge steps, surmounted by a temple. The great city of Uruk had a number of religious precincts, containing many

temples larger and more ambitious than any buildings previously known.

"Ziggurat"

The word ziggurat is an anglicized form of the Akkadian word ziqqurratum, the name given to the solid stepped towers of mud brick. It derives from the verb zaqaru, ("to be high"). The buildings are described as being like mountains linking Earth and heaven. The Ziggurat of Ur, excavated by Leonard Woolley, is 64 by 46 meters at base and originally some 12 meters in height with three stories. It was built under Ur-Nammu (circa 2100 B.C.) and rebuilt under Nabonidus (555–539 B.C.), when it was increased in height to probably

seven stories.

Bronze Age Europe

3300 - 800 B.C.E

Name, Place, Author, Time

Partly reconstructed ruins of Knossos, Crete, c. 1700 BC (The Palace of Minos, famous for red columns)

Minoan civilization the island of Crete

(27th century BC - 15th century BC)

- First civilization on the island of Crete

Minoans and their history

The first well-known literate civilization in Europe was the Minoan civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC.

The Minoans were replaced by the Mycenaean civilization which flourished during the period roughly between 1600 BC, when Helladic culture in mainland Greece was transformed under influences from Minoan Crete, and 1100 BC. Quite unlike the Minoans, whose society benefited from trade, the Mycenaeans advanced through conquest. Mycenaean civilization was dominated by a warrior aristocracy.

The plane of the palace of Minos

Name, Place, Author, Time, Name of arch

1) The Treasury of Atreus, or Tomb of Agamemnon in Mycenae 1250 BC

2) A "corbel" arch also considered a "fake" arch

Mycenaeans took over Minoans and built this arch.

Bronze Age Collapse

Around 1200 BCE. Bronze age collapse is called the Dark Ages. Very little is kept from that period because of the decline of culture and learning. Mycenaeans were ruling until the dark ages.

Ancient Greece

About 900 to 31 BC

Classical Greece

510-323 BC (death of Alexander)

Name, Place, Author, Time

The Acropolis, Athens

Ancient Greek Architecture

Ancient Greek architecture is most renowned for its temples, with the Parthenon being considered the prime example both in ancient times and today. Another prevalent architectural form found throughout the Hellenic world is the open-air theatre, with the earliest dating back to around 525–480 BC. Additional surviving structures include processional gateways (propylon), public squares (agora) surrounded by colonnades (stoa), town council buildings (bouleuterion), public monuments, monumental tombs (mausoleum), and stadiums.

The formal vocabulary of Ancient Greek architecture, notably the division into three defined orders—the Doric Order, the Ionic Order, and the Corinthian Order—exerted a profound

influence on subsequent Western architecture. The architectural style of ancient Rome evolved from Greek influences. Classicism revivals during the Renaissance preserved not only the precise forms and details of Greek architecture but also its concept of beauty based on balance and proportion. Neoclassical architecture and Greek Revival architecture, with their successive styles, closely followed and adapted ancient Greek styles.

Name

Stoa of Attalos

Name

Bouleuterion of Ephesus

Name, facts, author

Map of Piraeus, port of Athens showing grid plan of city. Made by Hippodamus of Miletus, 470 BC. He was one of the first urban planners

Name, period

Greece during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)

Name, Period, Place, Authors

Parthenon, 432 BC, Athens. Architect: Ictinus, Sculptor: Phidias

Name, author, period, facts

Architect: Theodore the Phocaean, Tholos of Delphi, 380 BC. Delphi means "someone who can predict the future" and back then it was a very important role. Tholos means "circular temple"

Name, author, period, facts

Erechtheion, 421 BC, Athens. Architect: Mnesikles. Female statues as columns are called "caryatids"

Name, Place, period

Tower of the Winds,

Athens, 1st century BC

Roman Architecture

753 BC- 476 AD

Roman civilization

Since the beginning of Roman civilization, the focus has been on the "city" as the fundamental constituent element. In general, the history of the Romans does not begin with a major battle or the reign of a particular king. Their history begins with the founding of the city of Rome by Romelus and Remus in 753 BC. According to the legend, the two brothers, suckled by a female wolf, were the founders of Rome. The city will went to conquer the entire Mediterranean basin, becoming the "Caput Mundi" (aka Head of the World, europes biggest and wealthiest city).

Outline of Roman History 1

Kingdom Period: 753-509 BC

In this period, the city and territory of Rome was ruled by a monarchy. According to legend, the brothers Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BC. The Latin aristocrats (Latins were the name of the people who inhabited in and around Rome) rose up after a couple of centuries, expelled the Etruscan Kings in 509 BC, establishing the Roman Republic. Romans didn’t like their king, so the republican period started.

Outline of Roman History 2

Republican Period 509-27 BC

The Roman Republic began with the overthrow of Roman monarchy in the year traditionally dated to 509 BC and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected each year by the citizens and given power by a senate. A mixed constitution gradually evolved, centering on the principles of separation of powers and checks and balances.

Outline of Roman History 3

Empire Period 27 BC-476 AD

The Roman Empire was founded when the Republic was reorganized under the leadership of Augustus in the 1st century BC. The Empire experienced a long period of peace and stability, know as the Pax Romana, between 27 BC and 238 AD, when it was engulfed in turmoil due to the Crisis of the Third Century. It was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395. The Western Roman Empire, collapsed in 476 as a result of the attacks of the Germanic tribes that came to Europe with the Migration of Tribes, while the eastern part continued its existence as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire until the Fall of Constantinople by Mehmet II, in 1453.

Roman Expansion in Italy

Roman Expansion in Italy (500 - 218 BC)

Peak Roman Territorial Expansion under Trajan

Peak Roman Territorial Expansion under Trajan, 117 AD

Different Typologies of Roman Architecture

Temple, Forum, Theatre, Roman Bath, Triumphal Arch, Basilica.

1. Temple

Greek temples are built on the highest hill of the city to be seen, and since they are surrounded by stairs on all four sides, it is possible to enter the temple from al sides. These features distinguish them from Roman temples. Roman temples are built inside the city, in the center, and are elevated on a pedestal, allowing access in only one direction. In this respect, the plans of a Greek and Roman temple look like this.

Name?

Name: Parthenon, Plan

• Middle/big room in the image calles “cella” or “naos” are mains rooms

• Opisdomodos is unique to Greek architecture

• “Pronaos” at the right side of the plan in a “preroom”

Name: ___

Name: Temple of Portunus, Plan

Name: ___ Example:___

Name: Anta

Example: Athenian Treasury in Delphi, “Distyle” in Antis, has 2 columns

Name: ___

Name: Double anta

Name: ___

Name: Tholos

Name: ___

Prostyle

Name: ___

Name: Amphiprostyle

Name: ___

Name: ___

Name: ___

Name: ___

Name: ___

Name: ___

Name: ___

Name: ___