Earth Science Midterm Study

study

Weathering

Weathering

chemical or mechanical process that breaks down and changes rocks on or near Earth's surface and whose rate is influenced by factors such as precipitation and temperature.

deposition

occurs when eroded materials are dropped in another location.

Erosion

removal and transport of weathered materials from one location to another by agents such as water, wind, glaciers, and gravity.

Gully erosion

erosion that occurs when a rill channel widens and deepens.

Rill erosion

erosion in which water running down the side of a slope carves a small stream channel.

Residual soil

soil that develops from parent material, which is similar to local bedrock.

soil

loose covering of weathered rock and decayed organic matter, that is characterized by texture, fertility, and color.

Soil horizon

distinct layer within a soil profile

soil profile

vertical sequence of soil layers, containing A-horizon, B-horizon, C-horizon