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Cellular Respiration
Cell process where the the energy in nutrients is converted to ATP.
Aerobic respiration
Cellular respiration that uses glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport system.
Anaerobic Respiration
Cellular respiration that uses only glycolysis due to a lack of oxygen.
Alcoholic Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration that converts pyruvate to ethanol to recycle NAD+.
Lactic Acid Respiration
Anaerobic respiration that converts pyruvate to lactic acid in order to recycle NAD+.
Glycolysis
First stage of anaerobic AND anaerobic cellular respiration. Breaks glucose down into two pyruvic acid molecules making 2 ATP.
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. Energy.
Pyruvate
3 carbon sugar produced when glucose is split during glycolysis
Mitochondria
Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration
ATP synthase
Protein that helps make ATP
Krebs Cycle
Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down releasing CO2 and producing 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP.
Electron Transport Chain
Step of aerobic respiration that take the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to change ADP to ATP. 34 ATP is made
Fermentation
When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration and cells make EITHER lactic acid or alcohol.
Glycolysis
The first step of cellular respiration
Cytoplasm
Place where cells perform glycolysis
Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
Processes occurring in the Mitochondria
Steps 2 and 3 of Cellular Respiration.
Definition of Cellular Respiration
The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy.
Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation
C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
32
Amount of ATP made in the Electron Transport System (ETS).
4 (2 net)
Amount of ATP made during glycolysis.
NADH
Electron carrying molecule produced in the Glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle.
FADH2
Electron carrying molecules only made during the Kreb's cycle.
CO2
This gas is produced during the Kreb's cycle as the pyruvate is broken down.
ATP
This energy molecule is made in all three stages of cellular respiration.
Cristae
The inner membrane of the mitochondria which is the location of the electron transport system.
Matrix
The fluid of the mitochondria where the Kreb's cycle happens.
Reduction
the gaining of electrons
Oxidation
the loss of electrons
OIL RIG (acronym for reduction and oxidation)
Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
REDOX reaction
a chemical reaction between two substances in which one substance is oxidized and the other reduced
Heterotroph
organisms that cannot create food for themselves internally, must obtain their energy from an outside source
Autotroph
organisms that can create their own food internally, usually using the sun's energy in the process of photosynthesis
Citric Acid Cycle
Also known as the Kreb's Cycle
NADH
Energy molecule involved in the process of cellular respiration. Carries 2e- and a H+
FADH2
Energy molecule involved in the process of cellular respiration. Carries 2 e- and 2 H+
