Cellular Respiration-College Biology

Cellular Respiration

Cell process where the the energy in nutrients is converted to ATP.

Aerobic respiration

Cellular respiration that uses glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport system.

Anaerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration that uses only glycolysis due to a lack of oxygen.

Alcoholic Fermentation

Anaerobic respiration that converts pyruvate to ethanol to recycle NAD+.

Lactic Acid Respiration

Anaerobic respiration that converts pyruvate to lactic acid in order to recycle NAD+.

Glycolysis

First stage of anaerobic AND anaerobic cellular respiration. Breaks glucose down into two pyruvic acid molecules making 2 ATP.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate. Energy.

Pyruvate

3 carbon sugar produced when glucose is split during glycolysis

Mitochondria

Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration

ATP synthase

Protein that helps make ATP

Krebs Cycle

Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down releasing CO2 and producing 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP.

Electron Transport Chain

Step of aerobic respiration that take the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to change ADP to ATP. 34 ATP is made

Fermentation

When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration and cells make EITHER lactic acid or alcohol.

Glycolysis

The first step of cellular respiration

Cytoplasm

Place where cells perform glycolysis

Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Processes occurring in the Mitochondria
Steps 2 and 3 of Cellular Respiration.

Definition of Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy.

Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

32

Amount of ATP made in the Electron Transport System (ETS).

4 (2 net)

Amount of ATP made during glycolysis.

NADH

Electron carrying molecule produced in the Glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle.

FADH2

Electron carrying molecules only made during the Kreb's cycle.

CO2

This gas is produced during the Kreb's cycle as the pyruvate is broken down.

ATP

This energy molecule is made in all three stages of cellular respiration.

Cristae

The inner membrane of the mitochondria which is the location of the electron transport system.

Matrix

The fluid of the mitochondria where the Kreb's cycle happens.

Reduction

the gaining of electrons

Oxidation

the loss of electrons

OIL RIG (acronym for reduction and oxidation)

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain

REDOX reaction

a chemical reaction between two substances in which one substance is oxidized and the other reduced

Heterotroph

organisms that cannot create food for themselves internally, must obtain their energy from an outside source

Autotroph

organisms that can create their own food internally, usually using the sun's energy in the process of photosynthesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Also known as the Kreb's Cycle

NADH

Energy molecule involved in the process of cellular respiration. Carries 2e- and a H+

FADH2

Energy molecule involved in the process of cellular respiration. Carries 2 e- and 2 H+