Laparo exam 1 RM review

Which position is commonly used for vaginal examinations and childbirth, with the knees positioned at a 90-degree angle?

Lithotomy

Which is an example of an absolute contraindication?

A pregnant woman taking isotretinoin, which can cause birth defects

What are the two types of contraindications?

Relative and absolute

Which position raises the head above the feet, allows easy access to the upper abdominal region, and requires consideration of cardiac effects?

Reverse Trendelenburg

Which patient position has the feet raised above the head and is best suited for shorter procedures requiring access to the lower abdominal region?

Trendelenburg

A patient with well-controlled diabetes and a history of smoking would most likely be classified as what?

ASA II

What are organ adhesions?

The body's attempt at repairing itself, causing tissues of organs to stick together

A patient experiencing a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm would be classified as what ASA level?

ASA V

What does ASA VI represent?

A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes

What is a gas embolism?

Gas bubbles present in the bloodstream

A 60-year-old male with a kidney tumor is undergoing a laparoscopic nephrectomy. Which position would be best, and why?

Lateral decubitus because it allows access to the retroperitoneal space

What can intraperitoneal mesh placed on the abdominal wall lead to?

Migration or intraperitoneal adhesions

Which of the following is an example of a relative contraindication?

A patient on warfarin being prescribed aspirin

In a relative contraindication, what is generally true?

The benefits outweigh the risks, but caution should be taken

What does ASA I describe?

A normal, healthy patient

Which of the following is NOT listed as a contraindication concern in laparoscopy?

Patient's insurance status

Fibrous adhesions caused by fibrin deposition can complicate what?

Future laparoscopic surgeries

What is the purpose of the Veress needle?

To begin insufflation

In an absolute contraindication, what is true about the procedure?

It cannot go on because it will cause more harm than good

What is pneumoperitoneum?

The presence of gas within the peritoneal cavity

What is peritonitis?

Inflammation of the abdominal lining

What is the definition of a contraindication?

Anything, including symptoms or medical conditions, that is a reason for a person to not receive a treatment because it may be harmful

What does FLS stand for?

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery

Where is Palmer's Point located?

3 cm below the left costal margin along the midclavicular line

What is the length range of laparoscopes listed in the slides?

30-45 cm

What is the most common entry point for the Veress needle and primary trocar?

Umbilicus

During the saline drop test, what indicates that the Veress needle is properly inside the abdominal cavity?

The saline disappears through the needle

Which type of surgery has a greater viewing range according to the slides?

Open surgery

Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery generally has:

Smaller incisions and shorter recovery

What does the deposition of fibrin lead to?

Coagulation of blood and clot formation

What is the normal pressure range for pneumoperitoneum?

12-15 mmHg

What is an appendectomy?

Removal of the appendix

Which part of the peritoneum covers the abdominal organs?

Visceral peritoneum

According to the slides, open surgery is:

Always used in emergencies

What is the purpose of a Nissen fundoplication?

Treat GERD

What is one benefit of longer skinnier laparoscopes?

Deeper surgical use

Which of the following is a symptom of a gas embolism?

Tachycardia

In a Nissen fundoplication, the surgeon creates a sphincter at the bottom of the:

Esophagus

What is laparoscopy?

Minimally invasive surgery for the abdomen and pelvis

Where is the laparoscope inserted to view the abdominal cavity?

Through the abdominal wall

What does the laparoscope's camera do?

Sends images to a video monitor

What is the diameter range of laparoscopes listed in the slides?

2-10 mm

What is a laparoscope?

A long, thin, fiber optic tube with a light and camera

Which gas is highly blood-soluble, nonflammable, inexpensive, and readily available?

CO₂

What is one purpose of fiber optic cables in laparoscopy?

To allow light to bend around corners

Which procedure involves removal of the gallbladder due to gallstones?

Cholecystectomy

What happens during laparoscopic hernia repair according to the slides?

The hernia sac is removed and prosthetic mesh is placed over the defect

What is the function of the metal Maryland instrument?

Grasps items in the field

What is the purpose of a trocar?

To provide a portal for the Maryland

What is a hysterectomy?

Removal of the uterus

Which condition is listed as a reason for hysterectomy?

Endometriosis

A trocar can be made of:

Plastic or metal

Which is NOT listed as a benefit of laparoscopy?

Greater scarring